@article{3105213,
    title = "ERCP-related adverse events: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline",
    author = "Dumonceau, J.-M. and Kapral, C. and Aabakken, L. and Papanikolaou, I.S. and Tringali, A. and Vanbiervliet, G. and Beyna, T. and Dinis-Ribeiro, M. and Hritz, I. and Mariani, A. and Paspatis, G. and Radaelli, F. and Lakhtakia, S. and Veitch, A.M. and Van Hooft, J.E.",
    journal = "Gastrointestinal Endoscopy",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "52",
    number = "2",
    pages = "127-149",
    publisher = "Georg Thieme Verlag",
    issn = "0016-5107",
    doi = "10.1055/a-1075-4080",
    keywords = "anticoagulant agent;  antithrombocytic agent;  epinephrine;  nitric acid derivative;  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent;  octreotide;  proteinase inhibitor;  proton pump inhibitor;  Ringer lactate solution;  somatostatin, antibiotic prophylaxis;  blood clotting test;  cannulation;  cholangitis;  endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography;  human;  hydration;  iatrogenic disease;  medical society;  pancreatitis;  perforation;  postoperative hemorrhage;  practice guideline;  priority journal;  prophylaxis;  randomized controlled trial (topic);  Review;  risk factor;  sphincterotomy;  adverse device effect;  adverse event;  endoscopic sphincterotomy;  gastrointestinal endoscopy;  pancreatic duct;  self expandable metallic stent, Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde;  Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal;  Humans;  Pancreatic Ducts;  Self Expandable Metallic Stents;  Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic",
    abstract = "Main Recommendations Prophylaxis 1 ESGE recommends routine rectal administration of 100 mg of diclofenac or indomethacin immediately before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in all patients without contraindications to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 2 ESGE recommends prophylactic pancreatic stenting in selected patients at high risk for post-ERCP pancreatitis (inadvertent guidewire insertion/opacification of the pancreatic duct, double-guidewire cannulation). Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 3 ESGE suggests against routine endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy before the insertion of a single plastic stent or an uncovered/partially covered self-expandable metal stent for relief of biliary obstruction. Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 4 ESGE recommends against the routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis before ERCP. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 5 ESGE suggests antibiotic prophylaxis before ERCP in the case of anticipated incomplete biliary drainage, for severely immunocompromised patients, and when performing cholangioscopy. Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 6 ESGE suggests tests of coagulation are not routinely required prior to ERCP for patients who are not on anticoagulants and not jaundiced. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. Treatment 7 ESGE suggests against salvage pancreatic stenting in patients with post-ERCP pancreatitis. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. 8 ESGE suggests temporary placement of a biliary fully covered self-expandable metal stent for post-sphincterotomy bleeding refractory to standard hemostatic modalities. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. 9 ESGE suggests to evaluate patients with post-ERCP cholangitis by abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT) scan and, in the absence of improvement with conservative therapy, to consider repeat ERCP. A bile sample should be collected for microbiological examination during repeat ERCP. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York."
}