@article{3105336,
    title = "Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines",
    author = "Coccolini, F. and Kobayashi, L. and Kluger, Y. and Moore, E.E. and Ansaloni, L. and Biffl, W. and Leppaniemi, A. and Augustin, G. and Reva, V. and Wani, I. and Kirkpatrick, A. and Abu-Zidan, F. and Cicuttin, E. and Fraga, G.P. and Ordonez, C. and Pikoulis, E. and Sibilla, M.G. and Maier, R. and Matsumura, Y. and Masiakos, P.T. and Khokha, V. and Mefire, A.C. and Ivatury, R. and Favi, F. and Manchev, V. and Sartelli, M. and Machado, F. and Matsumoto, J. and Chiarugi, M. and Arvieux, C. and Catena, F. and Coimbra, R. and Ben-Ishay, O. and Tolonen, M. and Bertelli, R. and Horer, T. and Ferrada, P. and Di Carlo, I. and Pereira, B.M. and Parini, D. and Montori, G. and De Simone, B. and Chiara, O. and Hecker, A. and Deangelis, N. and Gomes, C.A. and Galante, J. and Bala, M. and Mylonas, K.S. and Pikoulis, A. and Perfetti, P. and Chirica, M. and Bado, J. and Inaba, K. and Parry, N. and Romeo, O. and Stommel, M. and Rajashekar, M. and Tan, E. and Salvetti, F. and Sakakushev, B.",
    journal = "World Journal of Emergency Surgery",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd.",
    issn = "1749-7922",
    doi = "10.1186/s13017-019-0278-6",
    keywords = "abdominal injury;  duodenum;  echography;  emergency health service;  extrahepatic bile duct;  general surgery;  human;  injury;  organization and management;  pancreas;  practice guideline;  procedures;  x-ray computed tomography, Abdominal Injuries;  Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic;  Duodenum;  Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma;  General Surgery;  Guidelines as Topic;  Humans;  Pancreas;  Tomography, X-Ray Computed;  Trauma Centers;  Triage;  Ultrasonography",
    abstract = "Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree injuries are rare in both adult and pediatric trauma patients, and due to their anatomical location, associated injuries are very common. Mortality is primarily related to associated injuries, but morbidity remains high even in isolated injuries. Optimal management of duodeno-bilio-pancreatic injuries is dictated primarily by hemodynamic stability, clinical presentation, and grade of injury. Endoscopic and percutaneous interventions have increased the ability to non-operatively manage these injuries. Late diagnosis and treatment are both associated to increased morbidity and mortality. Sequelae of late presentations of pancreatic injury and complications of severe pancreatic trauma are also increasingly addressed endoscopically and with interventional radiology procedures. However, for moderate and severe extrahepatic biliary and severe duodeno-pancreatic injuries, immediate operative intervention is preferred as associated injuries are frequent and commonly present with hemodynamic instability or peritonitis. The aim of this paper is to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) duodenal, pancreatic, and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma management guidelines. © 2019 The Author(s)."
}