@article{3106047,
    title = "Heart failure in cardiomyopathies: a position paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology",
    author = "Seferović, P.M. and Polovina, M. and Bauersachs, J. and Arad, M. and Gal, T.B. and Lund, L.H. and Felix, S.B. and Arbustini, E. and Caforio, A.L.P. and Farmakis, D. and Filippatos, G.S. and Gialafos, E. and Kanjuh, V. and Krljanac, G. and Limongelli, G. and Linhart, A. and Lyon, A.R. and Maksimović, R. and Miličić, D. and Milinković, I. and Noutsias, M. and Oto, A. and Oto, Ö. and Pavlović, S.U. and Piepoli, M.F. and Ristić, A.D. and Rosano, G.M.C. and Seggewiss, H. and Ašanin, M. and Seferović, J.P. and Ruschitzka, F. and Čelutkiene, J. and Jaarsma, T. and Mueller, C. and Moura, B. and Hill, L. and Volterrani, M. and Lopatin, Y. and Metra, M. and Backs, J. and Mullens, W. and Chioncel, O. and de Boer, R.A. and Anker, S. and Rapezzi, C. and Coats, A.J.S. and Tschöpe, C.",
    journal = "European Journal of Heart Failure",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "21",
    number = "5",
    pages = "553-576",
    publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
    doi = "10.1002/ejhf.1461",
    keywords = "alpha glucosidase;  angiotensin receptor antagonist;  cardiovascular agent;  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor;  immunosuppressive agent;  transthyretin stabilizer;  unclassified drug, adverse outcome;  amyloidosis;  Article;  cardiology;  cause of death;  congestive cardiomyopathy;  disease association;  disease course;  disease severity;  enzyme replacement;  gene mutation;  glycogen storage disease type 2;  heart failure;  heart failure with reduced ejection fraction;  heart transplantation;  hemochromatosis;  human;  hypertrophic cardiomyopathy;  immunoadsorption;  immunotherapy;  implantation;  incidence;  iron overload;  medical decision making;  medical literature;  medical society;  nonhuman;  pathophysiology;  practice guideline;  prevalence;  priority journal;  professional knowledge;  prognosis;  restrictive cardiomyopathy;  sarcomere;  storage disease;  treatment indication;  treatment response;  cardiomyopathy;  complication;  congestive cardiomyopathy;  disease exacerbation;  disease management;  female;  heart failure;  heart stroke volume;  hypertrophic cardiomyopathy;  male;  pregnancy;  pregnancy complication;  puerperal disorder;  restrictive cardiomyopathy, Cardiomyopathies;  Cardiomyopathy, Dilated;  Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic;  Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive;  Disease Management;  Disease Progression;  Female;  Heart Failure;  Heart Transplantation;  Humans;  Male;  Pregnancy;  Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular;  Puerperal Disorders;  Stroke Volume",
    abstract = "Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases and an important cause of heart failure (HF). Current knowledge on incidence, pathophysiology and natural history of HF in cardiomyopathies is limited, and distinct features of their therapeutic responses have not been systematically addressed. Therefore, this position paper focuses on epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history and latest developments in treatment of HF in patients with dilated (DCM), hypertrophic (HCM) and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathies. In DCM, HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has high incidence and prevalence and represents the most frequent cause of death, despite improvements in treatment. In addition, advanced HF in DCM is one of the leading indications for heart transplantation. In HCM, HF with preserved ejection (HFpEF) affects most patients with obstructive, and ∼10% of patients with non-obstructive HCM. A timely treatment is important, since development of advanced HF, although rare in HCM, portends a poor prognosis. In RCM, HFpEF is common, while HFrEF occurs later and more frequently in amyloidosis or iron overload/haemochromatosis. Irrespective of RCM aetiology, HF is a harbinger of a poor outcome. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of HF in cardiomyopathies have significant implications for therapeutic decision-making. In addition, new aetiology-specific treatment options (e.g. enzyme replacement therapy, transthyretin stabilizers, immunoadsorption, immunotherapy, etc.) have shown a potential to improve outcomes. Still, causative therapies of many cardiomyopathies are lacking, highlighting the need for the development of effective strategies to prevent and treat HF in cardiomyopathies. © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2019 European Society of Cardiology"
}