@article{3106379,
    title = "Burden of injury along the development spectrum: Associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017",
    author = "Haagsma, J.A. and James, S.L. and Castle, C.D. and Dingels, Z.V. and Fox, J.T. and Hamilton, E.B. and Liu, Z. and Lucchesi, L.R. and Roberts, N.L.S. and Sylte, D.O. and Adebayo, O.M. and Ahmadi, A. and Ahmed, M.B. and Aichour, M.T.E. and Alahdab, F. and Alghnam, S.A. and Aljunid, S.M. and Al-Raddadi, R.M. and Alsharif, U. and Altirkawi, K. and Anjomshoa, M. and Antonio, C.A.T. and Appiah, S.C.Y. and Aremu, O. and Arora, A. and Asayesh, H. and Assadi, R. and Awasthi, A. and Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. and Balalla, S. and Banstola, A. and Barker-Collo, S.L. and Bärnighausen, T.W. and Bazargan-Hejazi, S. and Bedi, N. and Behzadifar, M. and Behzadifar, M. and Benjet, C. and Bennett, D.A. and Bensenor, I.M. and Bhaumik, S. and Bhutta, Z.A. and Bijani, A. and Borges, G. and Borschmann, R. and Bose, D. and Boufous, S. and Brazinova, A. and Campuzano Rincon, J.C. and Cárdenas, R. and Carrero, J.J. and Carvalho, F. and Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. and Catalá-López, F. and Choi, J.-Y.J. and Christopher, D.J. and Crowe, C.S. and Dalal, K. and Daryani, A. and Davitoiu, D.V. and Degenhardt, L. and De Leo, D. and De Neve, J.-W. and Deribe, K. and Dessie, G.A. and Deveber, G.A. and Dharmaratne, S.D. and Doan, L.P. and Dolan, K.A. and Driscoll, T.R. and Dubey, M. and El-Khatib, Z. and Ellingsen, C.L. and El Sayed Zaki, M. and Endries, A.Y. and Eskandarieh, S. and Faro, A. and Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. and Fernandes, E. and Filip, I. and Fischer, F. and Franklin, R.C. and Fukumoto, T. and Gezae, K.E. and Gill, T.K. and Goulart, A.C. and Grada, A. and Guo, Y. and Gupta, R. and Haghparast Bidgoli, H. and Haj-Mirzaian, A. and Haj-Mirzaian, A. and Hamadeh, R.R. and Hamidi, S. and Haro, J.M. and Hassankhani, H. and Hassen, H.Y. and Havmoeller, R. and Hendrie, D. and Henok, A. and Híjar, M. and Hole, M.K. and Homaie Rad, E. and Hossain, N. and Hostiuc, S. and Hu, G. and Igumbor, E.U. and Ilesanmi, O.S. and Irvani, S.S.N. and Islam, S.M.S. and Ivers, R.Q. and Jacobsen, K.H. and Jahanmehr, N. and Jakovljevic, M. and Jayatilleke, A.U. and Jha, R.P. and Jonas, J.B. and Jorjoran Shushtari, Z. and Jozwiak, J.J. and Jürisson, M. and Kabir, A. and Kalani, R. and Kasaeian, A. and Kelbore, A.G. and Kengne, A.P. and Khader, Y.S. and Khafaie, M.A. and Khalid, N. and Khan, E.A. and Khoja, A.T. and Kiadaliri, A.A. and Kim, Y.-E. and Kim, D. and Kisa, A. and Koyanagi, A. and Kuate Defo, B. and Kucuk Bicer, B. and Kumar, M. and Lalloo, R. and Lam, H. and Lami, F.H. and Lansingh, V.C. and Leasher, J.L. and Li, S. and Linn, S. and Lunevicius, R. and MacHado, F.R. and Magdy Abd El Razek, H. and Magdy Abd El Razek, M. and Mahotra, N.B. and Majdan, M. and Majeed, A. and Malekzadeh, R. and Malik, M.A. and Malta, D.C. and Manda, A.-L. and Mansournia, M.A. and Massenburg, B.B. and Maulik, P.K. and Meheretu, H.A.A. and Mehndiratta, M.M. and Melese, A. and Mendoza, W. and Mengesha, M.M. and Meretoja, T.J. and Meretoja, A. and Mestrovic, T. and Miazgowski, T. and Miller, T.R. and Mini, G.K. and Mirrakhimov, E.M. and Moazen, B. and Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N. and Mohammadibakhsh, R. and Mohammed, S. and Molokhia, M. and Monasta, L. and Mondello, S. and Montero-Zamora, P.A. and Moodley, Y. and Moosazadeh, M. and Moradi, G. and Moradi-Lakeh, M. and Morawska, L. and Velásquez, I.M. and Morrison, S.D. and Moschos, M.M. and Mousavi, S.M. and Murthy, S. and Musa, K.I. and Naik, G. and Najafi, F. and Nangia, V. and Nascimento, B.R. and Ndwandwe, D.E. and Negoi, I. and Nguyen, T.H. and Nguyen, S.H. and Nguyen, L.H. and Nguyen, H.L.T. and Ningrum, D.N.A. and Nirayo, Y.L. and Ofori-Asenso, R. and Ogbo, F.A. and Oh, I.-H. and Oladimeji, O. and Olagunju, A.T. and Olagunju, T.O. and Olivares, P.R. and Orpana, H.M. and Otstavnov, S.S. and Mahesh, P.A. and Pakhale, S. and Park, E.-K. and Patton, G.C. and Pesudovs, K. and Phillips, M.R. and Polinder, S. and Prakash, S. and Radfar, A. and Rafay, A. and Rafiei, A. and Rahimi, S. and Rahimi-Movaghar, V. and Rahman, M.A. and Rai, R.K. and Ramezanzadeh, K. and Rawaf, S. and Rawaf, D.L. and Renzaho, A.M.N. and Resnikoff, S. and Rezaeian, S. and Roever, L. and Ronfani, L. and Roshandel, G. and Sabde, Y.D. and Saddik, B. and Salamati, P. and Salimi, Y. and Salz, I. and Samy, A.M. and Sanabria, J. and Sanchez Riera, L. and Santric Milicevic, M.M. and Satpathy, M. and Sawhney, M. and Sawyer, S.M. and Saxena, S. and Saylan, M. and Schneider, I.J.C. and Schwebel, D.C. and Seedat, S. and Sepanlou, S.G. and Shaikh, M.A. and Shams-Beyranvand, M. and Shamsizadeh, M. and Sharif-Alhoseini, M. and Sheikh, A. and Shen, J. and Shigematsu, M. and Shiri, R. and Shiue, I. and Silva, J.P. and Singh, J.A. and Sinha, D.N. and Soares Filho, A.M. and Soriano, J.B. and Soshnikov, S. and Soyiri, I.N. and Starodubov, V.I. and Stein, D.J. and Stokes, M.A. and Sufiyan, M.B. and Sunshine, J.E. and Sykes, B.L. and Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. and Tabb, K.M. and Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. and Tessema, G.A. and Thakur, J.S. and Tran, K.B. and Tran, B.X. and Tudor Car, L. and Uthman, O.A. and Uzochukwu, B.S.C. and Valdez, P.R. and Varavikova, E. and Vasconcelos, A.M.N. and Venketasubramanian, N. and Violante, F.S. and Vlassov, V. and Waheed, Y. and Wang, Y.-P. and Wijeratne, T. and Winkler, A.S. and Yadav, P. and Yano, Y. and Yenesew, M.A. and Yip, P. and Yisma, E. and Yonemoto, N. and Younis, M.Z. and Yu, C. and Zafar, S. and Zaidi, Z. and Zaman, S.B. and Zamani, M. and Zhao, Y. and Zodpey, S. and Hay, S.I. and Lopez, A.D. and Mokdad, A.H. and Vos, T.",
    journal = "Road Injury Prevention & Litigation Journal",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",
    doi = "10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043296",
    keywords = "adolescent;  disabled person;  global disease burden;  global health;  human;  injury;  life expectancy;  quality adjusted life year, Adolescent;  Disabled Persons;  Global Burden of Disease;  Global Health;  Humans;  Life Expectancy;  Quality-Adjusted Life Years;  Wounds and Injuries",
    abstract = "Background: The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. Methods: Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. Results: For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. Conclusions: The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum. © 2020 Author(s)."
}