@article{3107542,
    title = "Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Cell-Derived Peripheral Inflammatory Cytokines in Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease",
    author = "Kokras, N. and Stamouli, E. and Sotiropoulos, I. and Katirtzoglou, E.A. and Siarkos, K.T. and Dalagiorgou, G. and Alexandraki, K.I. and Coulocheri, S. and Piperi, C. and Politis, A.M.",
    journal = "Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "38",
    number = "2",
    pages = "138-143",
    publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
    issn = "0271-0749, 1533-712X",
    doi = "10.1097/JCP.0000000000000840",
    keywords = "cholinesterase inhibitor;  cytokine;  donepezil;  gamma interferon;  interleukin 1beta;  interleukin 6;  tumor necrosis factor;  cholinesterase inhibitor;  cytokine;  donepezil;  indan derivative;  piperidine derivative, aged;  Alzheimer disease;  Article;  blood sampling;  comparative study;  controlled study;  cross-sectional study;  cytokine release;  drug effect;  female;  follow up;  human;  major clinical study;  male;  peripheral blood mononuclear cell;  priority journal;  Alzheimer disease;  blood;  drug effect;  inflammation;  middle aged, Aged;  Alzheimer Disease;  Cholinesterase Inhibitors;  Cytokines;  Female;  Follow-Up Studies;  Humans;  Indans;  Inflammation;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Piperidines",
    abstract = "Background Clinical and preclinical studies firmly support the involvement of the inflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) being widely used in AD patients, there is no conclusive evidence about their impact on the inflammatory response. Methods This study investigates peripheral proinflammatory cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and interleukins 1β [IL-1β] and 6 [IL-6]) by firstly comparing peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived secretion in drug-naïve and AChEI-treated AD patients versus healthy controls. A subset of those drug-naïve AD patients, who were prescribed the AChEI donepezil, was followed-up for 6 months to investigate if donepezil suppresses proinflammatory cell-derived cytokine secretion. Results Patients with AD showed higher levels of PBMC-derived proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in comparison with healthy controls. On reexamination, previously drug-naïve AD patients who received donepezil treatment for 6 months displayed a decrease in cell-derived IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Conclusions Proinflammatory PBMC-derived cytokines were increased in patients with AD in comparison with healthy controls and donepezil-reduced proinflammatory cytokines when examining drug-naïve AD patients before and after AChEI treatment. Copyright © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved."
}