@article{3108538,
    title = "Elevated pulse pressure levels are associated with increased in-hospital mortality in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage",
    author = "Chang, J.J. and Khorchid, Y. and Dillard, K. and Kerro, A. and Burgess, L.G. and Cherkassky, G. and Goyal, N. and Chapple, K. and Alexandrov, A.W. and Buechner, D. and Alexandrov, A.V. and Tsivgoulis, G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Hypertension",
    year = "2017",
    volume = "30",
    number = "7",
    pages = "719-727",
    publisher = "Oxford University Press",
    issn = "0895-7061, 1941-7225",
    doi = "10.1093/ajh/hpx025",
    keywords = "enalapril;  hydralazine;  labetalol;  nicardipine, adult;  Article;  brain hemorrhage;  clinical outcome;  cohort analysis;  computer assisted tomography;  disease association;  disease registry;  female;  follow up;  hospital discharge;  hospital mortality;  hospitalization;  human;  intensive care unit;  length of stay;  major clinical study;  male;  mean arterial pressure;  medical history;  middle aged;  National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale;  neuroimaging;  outcome assessment;  prevalence;  priority journal;  pulse pressure;  retrospective study;  risk factor;  systolic blood pressure;  acute disease;  aged;  area under the curve;  arterial pressure;  blood pressure;  blood pressure measurement;  brain hemorrhage;  chi square distribution;  diagnostic imaging;  mortality;  multivariate analysis;  odds ratio;  pathophysiology;  predictive value;  prognosis;  receiver operating characteristic;  statistical model;  time factor, Acute Disease;  Aged;  Area Under Curve;  Arterial Pressure;  Blood Pressure;  Blood Pressure Determination;  Cerebral Hemorrhage;  Chi-Square Distribution;  Female;  Hospital Mortality;  Humans;  Logistic Models;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Multivariate Analysis;  Odds Ratio;  Predictive Value of Tests;  Prognosis;  Retrospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  ROC Curve;  Time Factors",
    abstract = "OBJECTIVES Clinical outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains poor. Definitive phase-3 trials in ICH have failed to demonstrate improved outcomes with intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering. We sought to determine whether other BP parameters-diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)-showed an association with clinical outcome in ICH. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a prospective cohort of 672 patients with spontaneous ICH and documented demographic characteristics, stroke severity, and neuroimaging parameters. Consecutive hourly BP recordings allowed for computation of SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP. Threshold BP values that transitioned patients from survival to death were determined from ROC curves. Using in-hospital mortality as outcome, BP parameters were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Patients who died during hospitalization had higher mean PP compared to survivors (68.5 ± 16.4 mm Hg vs. 65.4 ± 12.4 mm Hg; P = 0.032). The following admission variables were associated with significantly higher in-hospital mortality (P < 0.001): Poorer admission clinical condition, intraventricular hemorrhage, and increased admission normalized hematoma volume. ROC analysis showed that mean PP dichotomized at 72.17 mm Hg, provided a transition point that maximized sensitivity and specific for mortality. The association of this increased dichotomized PP with higher in-hospital mortality was maintained in multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-5.3; P < 0.001) adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Widened PP may be an independent predictor for higher mortality in ICH. This association requires further study. © American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2017."
}