@article{3108922,
    title = "IFN-α/IFN-λ responses to respiratory viruses in paediatric asthma",
    author = "Bergauer, A. and Sopel, N. and Kroß, B. and Vuorinen, T. and Xepapadaki, P. and Weiss, S.T. and Blau, A. and Sharma, H. and Kraus, C. and Springel, R. and Rauh, M. and Mittler, S. and Graser, A. and Zimmermann, T. and Melichar, V.O. and Kiefer, A. and Kowalski, M.L. and Sobanska, A. and Jartti, T. and Lukkarinen, H. and Papadopoulos, N.G. and Finotto, S.",
    journal = "The European respiratory journal",
    year = "2017",
    volume = "49",
    number = "2",
    publisher = "European Respiratory Society",
    doi = "10.1183/13993003.00969-2016",
    keywords = "alpha interferon;  C reactive protein;  interferon;  interferon regulatory factor 1;  interferon regulatory factor 9;  lambda interferon;  myeloid differentiation factor 88;  STAT1 protein;  STAT2 protein;  unclassified drug;  C reactive protein;  interferon;  interferon regulatory factor 1;  IRF1 protein, human;  messenger RNA;  MYD88 protein, human;  myeloid differentiation factor 88;  STAT1 protein;  STAT1 protein, human;  STAT2 protein;  STAT2 protein, human, Article;  asthma;  child;  childhood disease;  clinical article;  controlled study;  cytokine production;  disease exacerbation;  enzyme linked immunosorbent assay;  female;  gene;  human;  human cell;  immune response;  IRF1 gene;  IRF9 gene;  male;  MYD88 gene;  nonhuman;  real time polymerase chain reaction;  Rhinovirus;  Rhinovirus infection;  STAT1 gene;  STAT2 gene;  upregulation;  asthma;  blood;  cell culture;  clinical trial;  Europe;  genetics;  immunology;  mononuclear cell;  multicenter study;  nasopharynx;  picornavirus infection;  preschool child;  prospective study;  Rhinovirus;  signal transduction;  virology, Asthma;  C-Reactive Protein;  Cells, Cultured;  Child, Preschool;  Disease Progression;  Europe;  Female;  Humans;  Interferon Regulatory Factor-1;  Interferons;  Leukocytes, Mononuclear;  Male;  Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88;  Nasopharynx;  Picornaviridae Infections;  Prospective Studies;  Rhinovirus;  RNA, Messenger;  Signal Transduction;  STAT1 Transcription Factor;  STAT2 Transcription Factor",
    abstract = "We analysed the influence of rhinovirus (RV) in nasopharyngeal fluid (NPF) on type I and III interferon (IFN) responses (e.g. IFN-α and IFN-λ) and their signal transduction, at baseline and during disease exacerbation, in cohorts of pre-school children with and without asthma. At the time of recruitment into the Europe-wide study PreDicta, and during symptoms, NPF was collected and the local RV colonisation was analysed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were challenged in vitro with RV or not. RNA was analysed by quantitative real-Time PCR and gene arrays. Serum was analysed with ELISA for IFNs and C-reactive protein. We found that PBMCs from asthmatic children infected in vitro with the RV1b serotype upregulated MYD88, IRF1, STAT1 and STAT2 mRNA, whereas MYD88, IRF1, STAT1 and IRF9 were predominantly induced in control children. Moreover, during symptomatic visits because of disease exacerbation associated with RV detection in NPF, IFN-α production was found increased, while IFN-λ secretion was already induced by RV in asthmatic children at baseline. During asthma exacerbations associated with RV, asthmatic children can induce IFN-α secretion, indicating a hyperactive immune response to repeated respiratory virus infection. © ERS 2017."
}