@article{3110128,
    title = "Fish consumption and mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort",
    author = "Engeset, D. and Braaten, T. and Teucher, B. and Kühn, T. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. and Leenders, M. and Agudo, A. and Bergmann, M.M. and Valanou, E. and Naska, A. and Trichopoulou, A. and Key, T.J. and Crowe, F.L. and Overvad, K. and Sonestedt, E. and Mattiello, A. and Peeters, P.H. and Wennberg, M. and Jansson, J.H. and Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. and Dossus, L. and Dartois, L. and Li, K. and Barricarte, A. and Ward, H. and Riboli, E. and Agnoli, C. and Huerta, J.M. and Sánchez, M.-J. and Tumino, R. and Altzibar, J.M. and Vineis, P. and Masala, G. and Ferrari, P. and Muller, D.C. and Johansson, M. and Luisa Redondo, M. and Tjønneland, A. and Olsen, A. and Olsen, K.S. and Brustad, M. and Skeie, G. and Lund, E.",
    journal = "European Journal of Epidemiology",
    year = "2015",
    volume = "30",
    number = "1",
    pages = "57-70",
    publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
    issn = "0393-2990, 1573-7284",
    doi = "10.1007/s10654-014-9966-4",
    keywords = "adult;  aged;  alcohol consumption;  Article;  breast cancer;  caloric intake;  cancer mortality;  cause of death;  dietary intake;  European;  female;  fish;  follow up;  food frequency questionnaire;  human;  ischemic heart disease;  leisure;  major clinical study;  male;  neoplasm;  physical activity;  prospective study;  questionnaire;  risk factor;  smoking;  animal;  diet;  epidemiology;  Europe;  fish;  incidence;  middle aged;  mortality;  Myocardial Ischemia;  Neoplasms;  nutritional status;  proportional hazards model;  sea food;  statistics and numerical data, omega 3 fatty acid, Adult;  Aged;  Animals;  Diet;  Europe;  Fatty Acids, Omega-3;  Female;  Fishes;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Myocardial Ischemia;  Neoplasms;  Nutritional Status;  Proportional Hazards Models;  Prospective Studies;  Risk Factors;  Seafood;  Surveys and Questionnaires",
    abstract = "Fish is a source of important nutrients and may play a role in preventing heart diseases and other health outcomes. However, studies of overall mortality and cause-specific mortality related to fish consumption are inconclusive. We examined the rate of overall mortality, as well as mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cancer in relation to the intake of total fish, lean fish, and fatty fish in a large prospective cohort including ten European countries. More than 500,000 men and women completed a dietary questionnaire in 1992–1999 and were followed up for mortality until the end of 2010. 32,587 persons were reported dead since enrolment. Hazard ratios and their 99 % confidence interval were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Fish consumption was examined using quintiles based on reported consumption, using moderate fish consumption (third quintile) as reference, and as continuous variables, using increments of 10 g/day. All analyses were adjusted for possible confounders. No association was seen for fish consumption and overall or cause-specific mortality for both the categorical and the continuous analyses, but there seemed to be a U-shaped trend (p < 0.000) with fatty fish consumption and total mortality and with total fish consumption and cancer mortality (p = 0.046). © 2014, The Author(s)."
}