@article{3110180,
    title = "International Society of Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)-ITS reference DNA barcoding database - The quality controlled standard tool for routine identification of human and animal pathogenic fungi",
    author = "Irinyi, L. and Serena, C. and Garcia-Hermoso, D. and Arabatzis, M. and Desnos-Ollivier, M. and Vu, D. and Cardinali, G. and Arthur, I. and Normand, A.-C. and Giraldo, A. and Da Cunha, K.C. and Sandoval-Denis, M. and Hendrickx, M. and Nishikaku, A.S. and De Azevedo Melo, A.S. and Merseguel, K.B. and Khan, A. and Parente Rocha, J.A. and Sampaio, P. and Da Silva Briones, M.R. and E Ferreira, R.C. and De Medeiros Muniz, M. and Castañón-Olivares, L.R. and Estrada-Barcenas, D. and Cassagne, C. and Mary, C. and Duan, S.Y. and Kong, F. and Sun, A.Y. and Zeng, X. and Zhao, Z. and Gantois, N. and Botterel, F. and Robbertse, B. and Schoch, C. and Gams, W. and Ellis, D. and Halliday, C. and Chen, S. and Sorrell, T.C. and Piarroux, R. and Colombo, A.L. and Pais, C. and De Hoog, S. and Zancopé-Oliveira, R.M. and Taylor, M.L. and Toriello, C. and De Almeida Soares, C.M. and Delhaes, L. and Stubbe, D. and Dromer, F. and Ranque, S. and Guarro, J. and Cano-Lira, J.F. and Robert, V. and Velegraki, A. and Meyer, W.",
    journal = "Medical Mycology",
    year = "2015",
    volume = "53",
    number = "4",
    pages = "313-337",
    publisher = "Oxford University Press",
    issn = "1369-3786, 1460-2709",
    doi = "10.1093/mmy/myv008",
    keywords = "antifungal agent;  ribosomal spacer DNA, dermatophyte;  DNA barcoding;  early diagnosis;  fungal virulence;  gene sequence;  human;  marker gene;  mycology;  nonhuman;  quality control;  reference database;  Review;  species identification;  animal;  chemistry;  classification;  fungus;  genetics;  microbiology;  molecular diagnosis;  Mycoses;  nucleic acid database;  procedures;  standard;  veterinary, Animalia;  Arthrodermataceae;  Fungi, Animals;  Databases, Nucleic Acid;  DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic;  DNA, Ribosomal Spacer;  Fungi;  Humans;  Molecular Diagnostic Techniques;  Mycoses;  Reference Standards",
    abstract = "Human and animal fungal pathogens are a growing threat worldwide leading to emerging infections and creating new risks for established ones. There is a growing need for a rapid and accurate identification of pathogens to enable early diagnosis and targeted antifungal therapy. Morphological and biochemical identification methods are time-consuming and require trained experts. Alternatively, molecular methods, such as DNA barcoding, a powerful and easy tool for rapid monophasic identification, offer a practical approach for species identification and less demanding in terms of taxonomical expertise. However, its wide-spread use is still limited by a lack of quality-controlled reference databases and the evolving recognition and definition of new fungal species/complexes. An international consortium of medical mycology laboratories was formed aiming to establish a quality controlled ITS database under the umbrella of the ISHAM working group on "DNA barcoding of human and animal pathogenic fungi." A new database, containing 2800 ITS sequences representing 421 fungal species, providing the medical community with a freely accessible tool at http://www.isham.org/ and http://its.mycologylab.org/ to rapidly and reliably identify most agents of mycoses, was established. The generated sequences included in the new database were used to evaluate the variation and overall utility of the ITS region for the identification of pathogenic fungi at intra-and interspecies level. The average intraspecies variation ranged from 0 to 2.25%. This highlighted selected pathogenic fungal species, such as the dermatophytes and emerging yeast, for which additional molecular methods/genetic markers are required for their reliable identification from clinical and veterinary specimens. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology."
}