@article{3110778,
    title = "Identifying gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: Contemporary challenges for integrated, large-scale investigations",
    author = "Van Os, J. and Rutten, B.P. and Myin-Germeys, I. and Delespaul, P. and Viechtbauer, W. and Van Zelst, C. and Bruggeman, R. and Reininghaus, U. and Morgan, C. and Murray, R.M. and Di Forti, M. and McGuire, P. and Valmaggia, L.R. and Kempton, M.J. and Gayer-Anderson, C. and Hubbard, K. and Beards, S. and Stilo, S.A. and Onyejiaka, A. and Bourque, F. and Modinos, G. and Tognin, S. and Calem, M. and O'Donovan, M.C. and Owen, M.J. and Holmans, P. and Williams, N. and Craddock, N. and Richards, A. and Humphreys, I. and Meyer-Lindenberg, A. and Leweke, F.M. and Tost, H. and Akdeniz, C. and Rohleder, C. and Bumb, J.M. and Schwarz, E. and Alptekin, K. and Üçok, A. and Saka, M.C. and Atbagoǧlu, E.C. and Gülöksüz, S. and Gumus-Akay, G. and Cihan, B. and Karadaǧ, H. and Soygür, H. and Cankurtaran, E.S. and Ulusoy, S. and Akdede, B. and Binbay, T. and Ayer, A. and Noyan, H. and Karadayi, G. and Akturan, E. and Ulaş, H. and Arango, C. and Parellada, M. and Bernardo, M. and Sanjuán, J. and Bobes, J. and Arrojo, M. and Santos, J.L. and Cuadrado, P. and Solano, J.J.R. and Carracedo, A. and Bernardo, E.G. and Roldán, L. and López, G. and Cabrera, B. and Cruz, S. and Mesa, E.M.D. and Pouso, M. and Jiménez, E. and Sánchez, T. and Rapado, M. and González, E. and Martínez, C. and Sánchez, E. and Olmeda, M.S. and De Haan, L. and Velthorst, E. and Van Der Gaag, M. and Selten, J.-P. and Van Dam, D. and Van Der Ven, E. and Van Der Meer, F. and Messchaert, E. and Kraan, T. and Burger, N. and Leboyer, M. and Szoke, A. and Schürhoff, F. and Llorca, P.-M. and Jamain, S. and Tortelli, A. and Frijda, F. and Vilain, J. and Galliot, A.-M. and Baudin, G. and Ferchiou, A. and Richard, J.-R. and Bulzacka, E. and Charpeaud, T. and Tronche, A.-M. and De Hert, M. and Van Winkel, R. and Decoster, J. and Derom, C. and Thiery, E. and Stefanis, N.C. and Sachs, G. and Aschauer, H. and Lasser, I. and Winklbaur, B. and Schlögelhofer, M. and Riecher-Rössler, A. and Borgwardt, S. and Walter, A. and Harrisberger, F. and Smieskova, R. and Rapp, C. and Ittig, S. and Soguel-Dit-Piquard, F. and Studerus, E. and Klosterkötter, J. and Ruhrmann, S. and Paruch, J. and Julkowski, D. and Hilboll, D. and Sham, P.C. and Cherny, S.S. and Chen, E.Y.H. and Campbell, D.D. and Li, M. and Romeo-Casabona, C.M. and Cirión, A.E. and Mora, A.U. and Jones, P. and Kirkbride, J. and Cannon, M. and Rujescu, D. and Tarricone, I. and Berardi, D. and Bonora, E. and Seri, M. and Marcacci, T. and Chiri, L. and Chierzi, F. and Storbini, V. and Braca, M. and Minenna, M.G. and Donegani, I. and Fioritti, A. and La Barbera, D. and La Cascia, C.E. and Mulè, A. and Sideli, L. and Sartorio, R. and Ferraro, L. and Tripoli, G. and Seminerio, F. and Marinaro, A.M. and McGorry, P. and Nelson, B. and Amminger, G.P. and Pantelis, C. and Menezes, P.R. and Del-Ben, C.M. and Tenan, S.H.G. and Shuhama, R. and Ruggeri, M. and Tosato, S. and Lasalvia, A. and Bonetto, C. and Ira, E. and Nordentoft, M. and Krebs, M.-O. and Barrantes-Vidal, N. and Cristóbal, P. and Kwapil, T.R. and Brietzke, E. and Bressan, R.A. and Gadelha, A. and Maric, N.P. and Andric, S. and Mihaljevic, M. and Mirjanic, T.",
    journal = "Schizophrenia Bulletin",
    year = "2014",
    volume = "40",
    number = "4",
    pages = "729-736",
    publisher = "Oxford University Press",
    issn = "0586-7614, 1745-1701",
    doi = "10.1093/schbul/sbu069",
    keywords = "allele;  article;  attributable risk;  copy number variation;  environmental exposure;  environmental factor;  genetic association;  genetic risk;  genetic variability;  genetics;  genotype;  genotype environment interaction;  heredity;  human;  priority journal;  risk assessment;  schizophrenia;  single nucleotide polymorphism;  genetic predisposition;  genetics;  psychology;  schizophrenia;  social environment, Gene-Environment Interaction;  Genetic Predisposition to Disease;  Humans;  Schizophrenia;  Schizophrenic Psychology;  Social Environment",
    abstract = "Recent years have seen considerable progress in epidemiological and molecular genetic research into environmental and genetic factors in schizophrenia, but methodological uncertainties remain with regard to validating environmental exposures, and the population risk conferred by individual molecular genetic variants is small. There are now also a limited number of studies that have investigated molecular genetic candidate gene-environment interactions (G × E), however, so far, thorough replication of findings is rare and G × E research still faces several conceptual and methodological challenges. In this article, we aim to review these recent developments and illustrate how integrated, large-scale investigations may overcome contemporary challenges in G × E research, drawing on the example of a large, international, multi-center study into the identification and translational application of G × E in schizophrenia. While such investigations are now well underway, new challenges emerge for G × E research from late-breaking evidence that genetic variation and environmental exposures are, to a significant degree, shared across a range of psychiatric disorders, with potential overlap in phenotype. © 2014 The Author."
}