@article{3112507,
    title = "The effect of menopause on carotid artery remodeling, insulin sensitivity, and plasma adiponectin in healthy women",
    author = "Muscelli, E. and Kozàkovà, M. and Flyvbjerg, A. and Kyriakopoulou, K. and Astiarraga, B.D. and Glintborg, D. and Konrad, T. and Favuzzi, A. and Petrie, J.R. and Heine, R.J. and Dekker, J. and De Rooij, S. and Nijpels, G. and Boorsma, W. and Mitrakou, A. and Tournis, S. and Kyriakopoulou, K. and Thomakos, P. and Lalic, N. and Lalic, K. and Jotic, A. and Lukic, L. and Civcic, M. and Nolan, J. and Yeow, T.P. and Murphy, M. and DeLong, C. and Neary, G. and Colgan, M.P. and Hatunic, M. and Konrad, T. and Böhles, H. and Fuellert, S. and Baer, F. and Zuchhold, H. and Golay, A. and Harsch Bobbioni, E. and Barthassat, V. and Makoundou, V. and Lehmann, T.N.O. and Merminod, T. and Perry, C. and Neary, F. and MacDougall, C. and Shields, K. and Malcolm, L. and Laakso, M. and Salmenniemi, U. and Aura, A. and Raisanen, R. and Ruotsalainen, U. and Sistonen, T. and Laitinen, M. and Saloranta, H. and Coppack, S.W. and McIntosh, N. and Ross, J. and Pettersson, L. and Khadobaksh, P. and Laville, M. and Bonnet, F. and Brac De La Perriere, A. and Louche-Pelissier, C. and Maitrepierre, C. and Peyrat, J. and Beltran, S. and Serusclat, A. and Gabriel, R. and Sánchez, E.M. and Carraro, R. and Friera, A. and Novella, B. and Nilsson, P. and Persson, M. and Östling, G. and Melander, O. and Burri, P. and Piatti, P.M. and Monti, L.D. and Setola, E. and Galluccio, E. and Minicucci, F. and Colleluori, A. and Walker, M. and Ibrahim, I.M. and Jayapaul, M. and Carman, D. and Ryan, C. and Short, K. and McGrady, Y. and Richardson, D. and Beck-Nielsen, H. and Staehr, P. and Hojlund, K. and Vestergaard, V. and Olsen, C. and Hansen, L. and Bolli, G.B. and Porcellati, F. and Fanelli, C. and Lucidi, P. and Calcinaro, F. and Saturni, A. and Ferrannini, E. and Natali, A. and Muscelli, E. and Pinnola, S. and Kozakova, M. and Mingrone, G. and Guidone, C. and Favuzzi, A. and Di Rocco, P. and Anderwald, C. and Bischof, M. and Promintzer, M. and Krebs, M. and Mandl, M. and Hofer, A. and Luger, A. and Waldhäusl, W. and Roden, M. and Balkau, B. and Coppack, S.W. and Dekker, J.M. and Ferrannini, E. and Mari, A. and Walker, M. and Gaffney, P. and Nolan, J. and Boran, G. and Olsen, C. and Hansen, L. and Beck-Nielsen, H. and Kok, A. and Dekker, J. and Patel, S. and Walker, M. and Gastaldelli, A. and Ciociaro, D. and Kozakova, M. and Guillanneuf, M.T. and Balkau, B. and Mhamdi, L. and Mari, A. and Pacini, G. and Cavaggion, C. and Hills, S.A. and Landucci, L. and Mota, L.",
    journal = "American Journal of Hypertension",
    year = "2009",
    volume = "22",
    number = "4",
    pages = "364-370",
    publisher = "Oxford University Press",
    issn = "0895-7061, 1941-7225",
    doi = "10.1038/ajh.2009.16",
    keywords = "adiponectin;  insulin;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol, adult;  angiogenesis;  arterial wall thickness;  artery diameter;  article;  body weight;  cardiovascular risk;  carotid artery;  controlled study;  cross-sectional study;  diet restriction;  evaluation;  female;  human;  insulin blood level;  insulin release;  insulin sensitivity;  mathematical model;  menopause;  normal human;  oral glucose tolerance test;  priority journal;  protein blood level;  systolic blood pressure",
    abstract = "Background: The mechanisms by which menopause may influence the systemic subclinical atherosclerosis are unexplained. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the associations between early menopause, established cardiovascular (c-v) risk factors, metabolic parameters (insulin secretion and sensitivity, plasma adiponectin), and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in healthy women. Methods: In 74 menopausal women (mean age = 51 ± 3 years, mean duration of menopause = 2.9 ± 1.2 years) and in 74 nonmenopausal women comparable for age and body mass index (BMI), common carotid artery (CCA) luminal diameter, and IMT in different carotid segments were measured in digitized ultrasound images. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were assessed using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin secretion was reconstructed by mathematical modeling. Results: CCA diameter (5.55 ± 0.46 vs. 5.21± 0.51 mm, P < 0.001), CCA IMT (608 ± 78 vs. 576 ± 74 νm, P < 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (BP) (117 ± 12 vs. 113 ± 11 mm Hg, P < 0.05) were higher in menopausal women, whereas CCA IMT/diameter ratio and IMT in other carotid segments did not differ between the groups. By multivariate models, independent predictors of CCA diameter were menopause and body weight (cumulative R2= 0.37) and independent correlates of CCA IMT were luminal diameter, systolic BP and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (cumulative R2= 0.48). Fasting insulin, insulin secretion, and sensitivity and plasma adiponectin were similar in the two groups and were not related to carotid IMT. Conclusions: Early menopause is associated with CCA remodeling, characterized by a proportional increase in luminal diameter and wall thickness, independent of atherosclerotic risk factors and metabolic variables. © 2009 American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd."
}