@article{3113162,
    title = "Gender-Related Differences in Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in Europe. A Report From the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation",
    author = "Dagres, N. and Nieuwlaat, R. and Vardas, P.E. and Andresen, D. and Lévy, S. and Cobbe, S. and Kremastinos, D.Th. and Breithardt, G. and Cokkinos, D.V. and Crijns, H.J.G.M. and Camm, A.J. and Davies, W. and Capucci, A. and Olsson, B. and Aliot, E. and Le Heuzey, J.-Y. and Santini, M. and Manini, M. and Bramley, C. and Laforest, V. and Taylor, C. and Del Gaiso, S. and Huber, K. and De Backer, G. and Sirakova, V. and Cerbak, R. and Thayssen, P. and Lehto, S. and Blanc, J.-J. and Delahaye, F. and Kobulia, B. and Zeymer, U. and Karlocai, K. and Graham, I. and Shelley, E. and Behar, S. and Maggioni, A. and Gonc¸alves, L. and Grabauskiene, V. and Asmussen, I. and Deckers, J. and Stepinska, J. and Mareev, V. and Vasiljevic, Z. and Riecansky, I. and Kenda, M.F. and Alonso, A. and Lopez-Sendon, J.L. and Rosengren, A. and Buser, P. and Okay, T. and Sychov, O. and Fox, K. and Schofield, P. and Simoons, M. and Wood, D. and Battler, A. and Boersma, E. and Fox, K. and Komajda, M. and McGregor, K. and Mulder, B. and Priori, S. and Ryde´n, L. and Vahanian, A. and Wijns, W. and Sanofi-Aventis and Grigoryan, S.V. and Apetyan, I. and Aroyan, S. and Azarapetyan, L. and Anvari, A. and Gottsauner-Wolf, M. and Pfaffenberger, S. and Aydinkoc, K. and Kalla, K. and Penka, M. and Drexel, H. and Langer, P. and Pierard, L.A. and Legrand, V. and Blommaert, D. and Schroeder, E. and Mancini, I. and Geelen, P. and Brugada, P. and De Zutter, M. and Vrints, C. and Vercammen, M. and Morissens, M. and Borisov, B. and Petrov, V.A. and Marinova, M. and Assen, A. and Goudev, R. and Peychev, Y. and Stoyanovsky, V. and Stoynev, E. and Kranjcevic, S. and Moutiris, J. and Ioannides, M. and Evequoz, D. and Spacilova, J. and Novak, M. and Eisenberger, M. and Mullerova, J. and Kautzner, J. and Riedlbauchova, L. and Petru`, J. and Taborsky, M. and Cappelen, H. and Sharaf, Y.A. and Ibrahim, B.S.S. and Tammam, K. and Saad, A. and Elghawaby, H. and Sherif, H.Z. and Farouk, H. and Mielke, A. and Engelen, M. and Kirchhof, P. and Zimmermann, P. and Aviles, F.F. and Rubio, J. and Malpartida, F. and Corona, M. and Sanchez, L.T. and Miguel, J. and Herrera, L. and Quesada, A. and Garcia, A.J.M. and Gonzalez, C.S. and Juango, M.S.A. and Berjon-Reyero, J. and Alegret, J.M. and Fernandez, J.M.C. and Carrascosa, C. and Romero, R.A.F. and Lara, M.G. and Sendon, J.L.L. and de Diego, J.J.G. and Martin, L.S. and Irurita, M. and Guttierez, N.H. and Rubio, J.R.S. and Antorrena, I. and Paves, A.B. and Salvador, A. and Orriach, M.D. and Garcia, A.A. and Epelde, F. and Martinez, V.B. and Sanchez, A.B. and Galvez, C.P. and Rivero, R.F. and Madrid, A.H. and Baron-Esquivias, G. and Peinado, R. and Guindal, J.A.G. and Vera, T.R. and Fernandez, E.L. and Gayan, R. and Garcia, J. and Bodegas, A. and Lopez, J.T. and Florez, J.M. and Cabezas, C.L. and de Castroviejo, E.V.R. and Bellido, J.M. and Ruiz, M.E. and Savolainen, K. and Nieminen, M. and Toivonen, L. and Syvanne, M. and Pietila, M. and Galley, D. and Beltra, C. and Gay, A. and Daubert, J.C. and Lecocq, G. and Poulain, C. and Cleland, J.G.F.C. and Shelton, R. and Choudhury, A. and Abuladze, G. and Jashi, I. and Tsiavou, A. and Giamouzis, G. and Kostopoulou, A. and Tsoutsanis, D. and Stefanadis, C. and Latsios, G. and Vogiatzis, I. and Gotsis, A. and Bozia, P. and Karakiriou, M. and Koulouris, S. and Parissis, J. and Kostakis, G. and Kouris, N. and Kontogianni, D. and Athanasios, K. and Douras, A. and Tsanakis, T. and Marketou, M. and Patsourakos, N. and Czopf, L. and Halmosi, R. and Pre´da, I. and Csoti, E. and Badics, A. and Strasberg, B. and Freedberg, N.A. and Katz, A. and Zalzstein, E. and Grosbard, A. and Goldhammer, E. and Nahir, M. and Epstein, M. and Vider, I. and Luria, D. and Mandelzweig, L. and Aloisi, B. and Cavallaro, A. and Antonielli, E. and Doronzo, B. and Pancaldo, D. and Mazzola, C. and Buontempi, L. and Calvi, V. and Giuffrida, G. and Figlia, A. and Ippolito, F. and Gelmini, G.-P. and Gaibazzi, N. and Ziacchi, V. and De Tommasi, F. and Lombardi, F. and Fiorentini, C. and Terranova, P. and Maiolino, P. and Albunni, M. and Pinna-Pintor, P. and Fumagalli, S. and Masotti, G. and Boncinelli, L. and Rossi, D. and Santoro, G.M. and Fioranelli, M. and Naccarella, F. and Maranga, S.S. and Lepera, G. and Bresciani, B. and Seragnoli, E. and Forti, M.C. and Cortina, V. and Baciarello, G. and Cicconetti, P. and Lax, A. and Vitali, F. and Igidbashian, D. and Scarpino, L. and Terrazzino, S. and Tavazzi, L. and Cantu, F. and Pentimalli, F. and Novo, S. and Coppola, G. and Zingarini, G. and Ambrozio, G. and Moruzzi, P. and Callegari, S. and Saccomanno, G. and Russo, P. and Carbonieri, E. and Paino, A. and Zanetta, M. and Barducci, E. and Cemin, R. and Rauhe, W. and Pitscheider, W. and Meloni, M. and Marchi, S.M. and Di Gennaro, M. and Calcagno, S. and Squaratti, P. and Quartili, F. and Bertocchi, P. and De Martini, M. and Mantovani, G. and Komorovsky, R. and Desideri, A. and Celegon, L. and Tarantini, L. and Catania, G. and Lucci, D. and Bianchini, F. and Puodziukynas, A. and Kavoliuniene, A. and Barauskiene, V. and Aidietis, A. and Barysiene, J. and Vysniauskas, V. and Zukauskiene, I. and Kazakeviciene, N. and Georgievska-Ismail, L. and Poposka, L. and Vataman, E. and Grosu, A.A. and op Reimer, W.S. and de Swart, E. and Lenzen, M. and Jansen, C. and Brons, R. and Tebbe, H. and van Hoogenhuyze, D.C.A. and Veerhoek, M.J. and Kamps, M. and Haan, D. and van Rijn, N. and Bootsma, A. and Baur, L. and van den, A. and Fransen, H. and Eurlings, L. and Meeder, J. and De Boer, M.J. and Winter, J. and Broers, H. and Werter, C. and Bijl, M. and Versluis, S. and Milkowska, M. and Wozakowska-Kaplon, B. and Janion, M. and Lepska, L. and Swiatecka, G. and Kokowicz, P. and Cybulski, J. and Gorecki, A. and Szulc, M. and Rekosz, J. and Manczak, R. and Wnuk-Wojnar, A.-M. and Trusz-Gluza, M. and Rybicka-Musialik, A. and Myszor, J. and Szpajer, M. and Cymerman, K. and Sadowski, J. and Sniezek-Maciejewska, M. and Ciesla-Dul, M. and Gorkiewicz-Kot, I. and Grodzicki, T. and Rewiuk, K. and Kubik, L. and Lewit, J. and de Sousa, J.M.F.R. and Ferreira, R. and Freitas, A. and Morais, J.C.A. and Pires, R. and Gomes, M.J.V. and Gago, P. and Candeias, R.A.C. and Nunes, L. and Sa, J.V.M. and Ventura, M. and de Oliveira, M. and Alves, L.B. and Bostaca, I. and Olariu, C.T. and Dan, G.A. and Dan, A. and Podoleanu, C. and Frigy, A. and Georgescu, G.I.M. and Arsenescu, C. and Statescu, C. and Sascau, R. and Dimitrascu, D.L. and Rancea, R. and Shubik, Y.V. and Duplyakov, D. and Shalak, M. and Danielyan, M. and Galyavich, A. and Zakirova, V. and Hatala, R. and Kaliska, G. and Kmec, J. and Zupan, I. and Tasie`, J. and Vokac, D. and Edvardsson, N. and Poci, D. and Gamra, H. and Denguir, H. and Sepetoglu, A. and Arat-Ozkan, A. and Orynchak, M. and Paliy, E. and Vakalyuk, I. and Malidze, D. and Prog, R. and Yabluchansky, M.I. and Makienko, N.V. and Potpara, T. and Knezevic, S. and Randjelovic, M.",
    journal = "Journal of the American College of Cardiology",
    year = "2007",
    volume = "49",
    number = "5",
    pages = "572-577",
    publisher = "ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA",
    issn = "0735-1097, 1558-3597",
    doi = "10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.047",
    keywords = "acetylsalicylic acid;  amiodarone;  antiarrhythmic agent;  anticoagulant agent;  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent;  clopidogrel;  digitoxin;  digoxin;  heparin;  low molecular weight heparin;  sotalol;  ticlopidine, adult;  aged;  article;  artificial heart pacemaker;  cardioversion;  clinical feature;  comorbidity;  drug use;  Europe;  female;  heart atrium fibrillation;  heart failure;  heart left ventricle function;  human;  major clinical study;  male;  mortality;  outcome assessment;  priority journal;  quality of life;  sex difference;  stroke;  thromboembolism",
    abstract = "Objectives: This study sought to investigate gender-related differences in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in Europe. Background: Gender-related differences may play a significant role in AF. Methods: We analyzed the data of 5,333 patients (42% female) enrolled in the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation. Results: Compared with men, the women were older, had a lower quality of life (QoL), had more comorbidities, more often had heart failure (HF) with preserved left ventricular systolic function (18% vs. 7%, p < 0.001), and less often had HF with systolic dysfunction (17% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). Among patients with typical AF symptoms (56% of women, 49% of men), there was no gender-related difference in the choice of rate or rhythm control. Among patients with atypical or no symptoms (44% of women, 51% of men), women less frequently underwent rhythm control (39% vs. 51%, p < 0.001) than did men. Women underwent less electrical cardioversion (22% vs. 28%, p < 0.001). Prescription of oral anticoagulants was identical (65%) in both genders. One-year outcome was similar except that women had a higher chance for stroke (odds ratio 1.83 in multivariable regression analysis, p = 0.019). Conclusions: Women with AF had more comorbidities, more HF with preserved systolic function, and a lower QoL than men. In the large group with atypical or no symptoms, women were treated appropriately more conservatively with less rhythm control than men. Women had a higher chance for stroke. Long-term QoL changes and other morbidities and mortality were similar. © 2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation."
}