@article{3114350,
    title = "The association between common vitamin D receptor gene variations and
osteoporosis: A participant-level meta-analysis",
    author = "Uitterlinden, Andre G. and Ralston, Stuart H. and Brandi, Maria Luisa and and Carey, Alisoun H. and Grinberg, Daniel and Langdahl, Bente L. and and Lips, Paul and Lorenc, Roman and Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara and Reeve, and Jonathan and Reid, David M. and Amidei, Antonietta and Bassiti, Amelia and and Bustamante, Mariona and Husted, Use Bjerre and Diez-Perez, Adolfo and and Dobnig, Harald and Dunning, Alison M. and Enjuanes, Anna and and Fahrleitner-Pammer, Astrid and Fang, Yue and Karczmarewicz, Elzbieta and and Kruk, Marcin and van Leeuwen, Johannes P. T. M. and Mavilia, Carmelo and and van Meurs, Joyce B. J. and Mangion, Jon and McGuigan, Fiona E. A. and and Pols, Huibert A. P. and Renner, Wilfried and Rivadeneira, Fernando and and van Schoor, Natasja M. and Scollen, Serena and Sherlock, Rachael E. and and Ioannidis, John P. A. and APOSS Investigators and EPOS Investigators and and EPOLOS Investigators and FAMOS Investigators and LASA Investigators and and Rotterdam Study Investigators and GENOMOS Study",
    journal = "ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE",
    year = "2006",
    volume = "145",
    number = "4",
    pages = "255-264",
    publisher = "AMER COLL PHYSICIANS",
    issn = "0003-4819",
    doi = "10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00005",
    abstract = "Background: Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been
implicated in the genetic regulation of bone mineral density (BMD).
However, the clinical impact of these variants remains unclear.
Objective: To evaluate the relation between VDR polymorphisms, BMD, and
fractures.
Design: Prospective multicenter large-scale association study.
Setting: The Genetic Markers for Osteoporosis consortium, involving 9
European research teams.
Participants: 26242 participants (18405 women).
Measurements: Cdx2 promoter, FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms;
BMD at the femoral neck and the lumbar spine by dual x-ray
absorptiometry; and fractures.
Results: Comparisons of BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck showed
nonsignificant differences less than 0.011 g/cm(2) for any genotype with
or without adjustments. A total of 6067 participants reported a history
of fracture, and 2088 had vertebral fractures. For all VDR alleles, odds
ratios for fractures were very close to 1.00 (range, 0.98 to 1.02) and
collectively the 95% CIs ranged from 0.94 (lowest) to 1.07 (highest).
For vertebral fractures, we observed a 9% (95% CI, 0% to 18%; P =
0.039) risk reduction for the Cdx2 A-allele (13% risk reduction in a
dominant model).
Limitations: The authors analyzed only selected VDR polymorphisms.
Heterogeneity was detected in some analyses and may reflect some
differences in collection of fracture data across cohorts. Not all
fractures were related to osteoporosis.
Conclusions: The FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI VDR polymorphisms are not
associated with BMD or with fractures, but the Cdx2 polymorphism may be
associated with risk for vertebral fractures."
}