@article{3118585,
    title = "Consensus guidelines and recommendations for infection prevention in multiple myeloma: a report from the International Myeloma Working Group",
    author = "Raje, N.S. and Anaissie, E. and Kumar, S.K. and Lonial, S. and Martin, T. and Gertz, M.A. and Krishnan, A. and Hari, P. and Ludwig, H. and O'Donnell, E. and Yee, A. and Kaufman, J.L. and Cohen, A.D. and Garderet, L. and Wechalekar, A.F. and Terpos, E. and Khatry, N. and Niesvizky, R. and Yi, Q. and Joshua, D.E. and Saikia, T. and Leung, N. and Engelhardt, M. and Mothy, M. and Branagan, A. and Chari, A. and Reiman, A.J. and Lipe, B. and Richter, J. and Rajkumar, S.V. and Miguel, J.S. and Anderson, K.C. and Stadtmauer, E.A. and Prabhala, R.H. and McCarthy, P.L. and Munshi, N.C.",
    journal = "The Lancet Haematology",
    year = "2022",
    volume = "9",
    number = "2",
    pages = "e143-e161",
    publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
    issn = "2352-3026",
    doi = "10.1016/S2352-3026(21)00283-0",
    keywords = "aciclovir;  alanine aminotransferase;  antiinfective agent;  azithromycin;  B cell maturation antigen;  bendamustine;  bortezomib;  carbapenem;  chimeric antigen receptor;  ciprofloxacin;  cisplatin;  clindamycin;  corticosteroid;  cotrimoxazole;  creatinine;  cyclophosphamide;  daratumumab;  dexamethasone;  elotuzumab;  entecavir;  etoposide;  famciclovir;  fluconazole;  granulocyte colony stimulating factor;  hemagglutinin;  hepatitis B surface antigen;  histone deacetylase inhibitor;  immunoglobulin;  immunoglobulin A;  immunoglobulin G;  immunoglobulin M;  influenza vaccine;  itraconazole;  ixazomib;  lactate dehydrogenase;  lamivudine;  ledipasvir;  lenalidomide;  levofloxacin;  macrolide;  melphalan;  methotrexate;  metronidazole;  micafungin;  nose spray;  oseltamivir;  palivizumab;  panobinostat;  pentamidine;  Pneumococcus vaccine;  pomalidomide;  posaconazole;  recombinant vaccine;  rituximab;  rivaroxaban;  secukinumab;  selinexor;  simeprevir;  sofosbuvir;  tenofovir;  thalidomide;  triazole derivative;  valaciclovir;  vancomycin;  varicella zoster vaccine;  virus antigen;  voriconazole;  zanamivir, Actinomyces;  acute kidney failure;  acute liver failure;  acute myeloid leukemia;  adult;  aged;  allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation;  anemia;  antibiotic prophylaxis;  antibody response;  antiretroviral therapy;  appendix;  aspergillosis;  Austria;  bacteremia;  bacterial meningitis;  Bacteroides;  biochemical recurrence;  blastomycosis;  bone marrow biopsy;  bone turnover;  Borrelia infection;  bronchoscopy;  CD4 lymphocyte count;  chikungunya;  coccidioidomycosis;  consensus;  debridement;  dengue;  disease transmission;  echography;  Enterococcus faecalis;  Escherichia coli;  febrile neutropenia;  female;  fever;  Haemophilus influenzae;  hematopoietic stem cell transplantation;  histoplasmosis;  human;  Human immunodeficiency virus;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  immune response;  immunization;  immunogenicity;  immunoglobulin deficiency;  immunosuppressive treatment;  infection control;  infection prevention;  infection risk;  infectious agent;  infectious complication;  intestine parasite;  lactate dehydrogenase blood level;  Listeria monocytogenes;  liver function test;  lung embolism;  lung lavage;  lung mycosis;  lymphocytopenia;  malaria;  male;  monoclonal immunoglobulinemia;  morbidity;  mortality;  mouth hygiene;  multiple myeloma;  Neisseria meningitidis;  neutrophil count;  nonhuman;  osteomyelitis;  overall survival;  percutaneous vertebroplasty;  periodontal disease;  pneumococcal infection;  postherpetic neuralgia;  practice guideline;  pregnancy;  prevalence;  respiratory syncytial virus infection;  Review;  risk factor;  sepsis;  seroconversion;  skin toxicity;  South American blastomycosis;  Streptococcus pneumoniae;  Strongyloides stercoralis;  T lymphocyte;  Talaromyces;  transbronchial biopsy;  tuberculin test;  tumor volume;  typhoid fever;  vaccination;  venous thromboembolism;  viremia;  virus infection;  virus load;  virus replication;  Zika virus;  complication;  consensus;  multiple myeloma, Consensus;  Humans;  Infections;  Multiple Myeloma",
    abstract = "Infection remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple myeloma because of the cumulative effect of disease, treatment, and host-related factors. Given that infectious risk is cumulative through the course of the disease, preventing infections is paramount. Optimal preventive strategies include vaccination against common pathogens, antimicrobial prophylaxis, infection control measures, and immunoglobulin replacement in a small subset of patients; however, there are no universally accepted guidelines for infection prevention. This Review provides a consensus statement from a panel of 36 experts with global representation, which was convened by The International Myeloma Society to review existing literature and current guidelines, address issues associated with the risk of infection and prevention of infectious complications in multiple myeloma in the context of emerging therapies, and offer recommendations for preventing these complications. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd"
}