@article{3119320,
    title = "John Watson (1807–1863) and his Pioneer Work On the Surgery of Esophagus",
    author = "Laios, K. and Schizas, D. and Tsoucalas, G. and Androutsos, G. and Karamanou, M.",
    journal = "Surgical Innovation",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "28",
    number = "5",
    pages = "651-653",
    publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
    issn = "1553-3506, 1553-3514",
    doi = "10.1177/15533506211008077",
    keywords = "Article;  bleeding;  esophagotomy;  esophagus disease;  follow up;  gastrotomy;  gold standard;  history of medicine;  human;  perioperative period;  physician;  postoperative complication;  sternocleidomastoid muscle;  surgeon;  surgical technique;  tracheotomy;  esophagus;  general surgery;  history;  male;  surgeon, Esophagus;  General Surgery;  History, 19th Century;  History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Male;  Surgeons",
    abstract = "Backround. John Watson (1807-1863) was the first surgeon in USA who performed and published his results on esophagotomy. Methods. His pioneer surgical work was a gold standard reference for the later surgeons. Results. Watson was a devoted surgeon and his innovative operating techniques secured him a place in the hall of fame of the history of medicine. © The Author(s) 2021."
}