@article{3119891,
    title = "The Effect of Long-Term Atorvastatin Therapy on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness of Children With Dyslipidemia",
    author = "Karapostolakis, G. and Vakaki, M. and Attilakos, A. and Marmarinos, A. and Papadaki, M. and Koumanidou, C. and Alexopoulou, E. and Gourgiotis, D. and Garoufi, A.",
    journal = "International Angiology",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "72",
    number = "4",
    pages = "322-331",
    publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
    issn = "0392-9590",
    doi = "10.1177/0003319720975635",
    keywords = "alanine aminotransferase;  alkaline phosphatase;  apolipoprotein A1;  aspartate aminotransferase;  atorvastatin;  cholesterol;  creatinine;  gamma glutamyltransferase;  glucose;  high density lipoprotein cholesterol;  lipoprotein A;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol;  triacylglycerol;  urea;  uric acid;  atorvastatin;  biological marker;  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor;  lipoprotein A;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol;  LPA protein, human, adolescent;  analytic method;  anthropometry;  arm circumference;  Article;  atherosclerosis;  body height;  body mass;  body weight;  carotid intima-media thickness;  child;  controlled study;  diastolic blood pressure;  disease association;  dyslipidemia;  electrochemiluminescence;  female;  human;  immunonephelometric assay;  major clinical study;  male;  obesity;  observational study;  preschool child;  puberty;  school child;  systolic blood pressure;  treatment duration;  age;  arterial wall thickness;  blood;  carotid artery disease;  case control study;  diagnostic imaging;  drug administration;  familial hypercholesterolemia;  predictive value;  risk factor;  severity of illness index;  sex factor;  time factor;  treatment outcome, Adolescent;  Age Factors;  Atorvastatin;  Biomarkers;  Carotid Artery Diseases;  Carotid Intima-Media Thickness;  Case-Control Studies;  Child;  Cholesterol, LDL;  Drug Administration Schedule;  Female;  Humans;  Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors;  Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II;  Lipoprotein(a);  Male;  Predictive Value of Tests;  Risk Factors;  Severity of Illness Index;  Sex Factors;  Time Factors;  Treatment Outcome",
    abstract = "Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) has been proposed as an early marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in high risk children. Children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia have greater cIMT than matched healthy controls or their unaffected siblings. Statin therapy may delay the progression of cIMT, although long-term studies in children are scarce. We evaluated the effect of atorvastatin treatment on cIMT in children with dyslipidemia. We studied 81 children/adolescents, 27 with severe dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] ≥190 mg/dL) and 54 sex- and age-matched healthy controls; LDL-C ≤ 130 mg/dL and lipoprotein (a), Lp(a), ≤30 mg/dL. In the children with dyslipidemia, cIMT was measured twice, before and on treatment (18.2 ± 7.7 months). Anthropometric data, a full lipid profile, liver, kidney, and thyroid function were evaluated. Males with dyslipidemia had a greater cIMT than male controls after adjustment for other factors (P =.049). In addition, a nonstatistically significant decrease in cIMT was observed after treatment (P =.261). Treatment with atorvastatin resulted in a significantly improved lipid profile. Females with dyslipidemia had a significantly thinner cIMT than males. Children with normal and high Lp(a) levels had similar cIMT values. In conclusion, treatment with atorvastatin had a beneficial effect on the lipid profile and cIMT progression in children with severe dyslipidemia. © The Author(s) 2020."
}