@article{3119919,
    title = "Gamma-glutamyltransferase, arterial remodeling and prehypertension in a healthy population at low cardiometabolic risk",
    author = "Kozakova, M. and Gastaldelli, A. and Morizzo, C. and Højlund, K. and Nilssson, P.M. and Ferrannini, E. and Heine, R.J. and Dekker, J. and de Rooij, S. and Nijpels, G. and Boorsma, W. and Kok, A. and Mitrakou, A. and Tournis, S. and Kyriakopoulou, K. and Thomakos, P. and Lalic, N. and Lalic, K. and Jotic, A. and Lukic, L. and Civcic, M. and Nolan, J. and Yeow, T.P. and Murphy, M. and DeLong, C. and Neary, G. and Colgan, M.P. and Hatunic, M. and Gaffney, P. and Boran, G. and Konrad, T. and Böhles, H. and Fuellert, S. and Baer, F. and Zuchhold, H. and Golay, A. and Bobbioni, E.H. and Barthassat, V. and Makoundou, V. and Lehmann, T.N.O. and Merminod, T. and Petrie (now Dundee), J.R. and Perry, C. and Neary, F. and MacDougall, C. and Shields, K. and Malcolm, L. and Laakso, M. and Salmenniemi, U. and Aura, A. and Raisanen, R. and Ruotsalainen, U. and Sistonen, T. and Laitinen, M. and Saloranta, H. and Coppack, S.W. and McIntosh, N. and Ross, J. and Pettersson, L. and Khadobaksh, P. and Balkau, B. and Mhamdi, L. and Guillanneuf, M.T. and Laville, M. and Bonnet, F. and Brac de la Perriere, A. and Louche-Pelissier, C. and Maitrepierre, C. and Peyrat, J. and Beltran, S. and Serusclat, A. and Gabriel, R. and Sánchez, E.M. and Carraro, R. and Friera, A. and Novella, B. and Nilssone, P. and Persson, M. and Östling, G. and Melander, O. and Burri, P. and Piatti, P.M. and Monti, L.D. and Setola, E. and Galluccio, E. and Minicucci, F. and Colleluori, A. and Walker, M. and Ibrahim, I.M. and Jayapaul, M. and Carman, D. and Ryan, C. and Short, K. and McGrady, Y. and Richardson, D. and Patel, S. and Beck-Nielsen, H. and Staehr, P. and Hojlundd, K. and Vestergaard, V. and Olsen, C. and Hansen, L. and Bolli, G.B. and Porcellati, F. and Fanelli, C. and Lucidi, P. and Calcinaro, F. and Saturni, A. and Ferranninia, E. and Natali, A. and Muscelli, E. and Pinnola, S. and Kozakovaa, M. and Hills, S.A. and Landucci, L. and Mota, L. and Gastaldelli, A. and Ciociaro, D. and Mari, A. and Pacini, G. and Cavaggion, C. and Mingrone, G. and Guidone, C. and Favuzzi, A. and Di Rocco, P. and Anderwald, C. and Bischof, M. and Promintzer, M. and Krebs, M. and Mandl, M. and Hofer, A. and Luger, A. and Waldhäusl, W. and Roden, M. and Palombo, C. and RISC Investigators",
    journal = "Journal of Human Hypertension",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "35",
    number = "4",
    pages = "334-342",
    publisher = "Springer Nature BV",
    issn = "0950-9240, 1476-5527",
    doi = "10.1038/s41371-020-0337-1",
    keywords = "adiponectin;  C reactive protein;  gamma glutamyltransferase;  glutamic acid;  insulin;  serine;  gamma glutamyltransferase, adult;  age;  alcohol consumption;  arterial remodeling;  arterial stiffness;  artery disease;  Article;  blood pressure;  blood vessel parameters;  cardiometabolic risk;  carotid diameter;  carotid intima-media thickness;  carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity;  female;  gamma glutamyl transferase blood level;  human;  human experiment;  insulin blood level;  insulin sensitivity;  lifestyle;  low risk population;  luminal diameter;  male;  middle aged;  normal human;  oxidative stress;  prehypertension;  sex difference;  arterial wall thickness;  hypertension;  prehypertension;  risk factor, Blood Pressure;  Carotid Intima-Media Thickness;  gamma-Glutamyltransferase;  Humans;  Hypertension;  Prehypertension;  Risk Factors",
    abstract = "Plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was suggested to reflect the level of systemic oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induces changes in arterial structure and function and contributes to the development of hypertension. Therefore, GGT may be associated with arterial remodeling and blood pressure (BP) increment, even in absence of disease. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated, in 825 healthy subjects at low cardiometabolic risk, the associations of plasma GGT with carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), luminal diameter and prehypertension; in 154 subjects was evaluated also the association with aortic stiffness (cfPWV). Associations were controlled for insulin sensitivity, C-reactive protein, and life-style habits. In the main population, BP was remeasured after 3 years. Carotid diameter and cfPWV, but not IMT, were directly and independently related to plasma GGT. Subjects with prehypertension (N = 330) had higher GGT as compared with subjects with normal BP (22 [14] vs 17 [11] IU/L; adjusted P = 0.001), and within prehypertensive subjects, those who developed hypertension during 3 years had higher GGT than those without incident hypertension (27 [16] vs 21 [14] IU/L; adjusted P < 0.05). Within subjects with arterial stiffness measurement, those with prehypertension (N = 79) had higher both GGT and arterial stiffness (25 [14] vs 16 [20] IU/L and 9.11 ± 1.24 vs 7.90 ± 0.94 m/s; adjusted P < 0.01 and <0.05). In the view of previous evidence linking plasma GGT concentration to the level of systemic oxidative stress, our findings suggest a role of oxidative stress in subclinical arterial damage and in prehypertension, even in healthy subjects free of cardiometabolic risk. Arterial organ damage may represent the link between GGT and hypertension. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited."
}