@article{3120458,
    title = "Diabetes distress is associated with individualized glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus",
    author = "Theodoropoulou, K.T. and Dimitriadis, G.D. and Tentolouris, N. and Darviri, C. and Chrousos, G.P.",
    journal = "Vitamins and Hormones",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "19",
    number = "4",
    pages = "515-521",
    publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
    doi = "10.1007/s42000-020-00237-3",
    keywords = "hemoglobin A1c;  insulin;  oral antidiabetic agent, adult;  aged;  Article;  cross-sectional study;  diabetes distress;  Diabetes Distress Scale;  emotional stress;  female;  glycemic control;  Greek (people);  human;  interpersonal stress;  major clinical study;  male;  medication compliance;  mental stress;  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  outpatient;  personalized medicine;  psychological distress assessment;  university hospital;  distress syndrome;  medication compliance;  middle aged;  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  psychology;  self care, Aged;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  Female;  Glycemic Control;  Humans;  Male;  Medication Adherence;  Middle Aged;  Psychological Distress;  Self-Management",
    abstract = "Purpose: It has been proposed that the negative emotional state of diabetes distress (DD) may exert a detrimental effect on glycemic outcomes of individuals struggling with diabetes-related challenges. Thus far, no study has investigated this association by utilizing individualized treatment targets of patients’ glycemic control. Therefore, we sought to identify the potential role of DD in the achievement of individualized glycemic targets (AIGTs) among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods: This cross-sectional study included a well-characterized outpatient group of T2D adults cared for in an academic medical center. DD was evaluated with the Diabetes Distress Scale. The AIGTs was defined according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines. Logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify independent correlates of the AIGTs. Results: A total of 123 individuals (mean [standard deviation] age: 58.0 [6.2] years, 55.3% females) were included in the final analysis. AIGTs was observed in 43.9% of the patients. Experiencing greater DD was associated with a lower likelihood of AIGTs (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–0.34, P value < 0.001), even after accounting for additional individual-level covariates (adjusted OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.08–0.42, P value < 0.001). Medication adherence was also a determinant of participants’ AIGTs (adjusted OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.13–3.23, P value = 0.015). Conclusion: Our findings provide novel evidence that DD likely undermines glycemic status in adult outpatients with T2D, even in the context of individually tailored diabetes care, and this should be taken into account when necessary. © 2020, Hellenic Endocrine Society."
}