@article{3121062,
    title = "Selective RAR agonists for acne vulgaris: A narrative review",
    author = "Kassir, M. and Karagaiah, P. and Sonthalia, S. and Katsambas, A. and Galadari, H. and Gupta, M. and Lotti, T. and Wollina, U. and Abdelmaksoud, A. and Grabbe, S. and Goldust, M.",
    journal = "Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "19",
    number = "6",
    pages = "1278-1283",
    publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
    issn = "1473-2130, 1473-2165",
    doi = "10.1111/jocd.13340",
    keywords = "adapalene;  retinoic acid receptor;  tazarotene;  trifarotene;  adapalene;  dermatological agent;  nicotinic acid derivative;  retinoic acid;  retinoic acid receptor;  retinoid;  tazarotene;  trifarotene, acne vulgaris;  clinical effectiveness;  disease severity;  drug effect;  drug efficacy;  drug response;  drug tolerability;  human;  priority journal;  Review;  risk factor;  treatment outcome;  acne vulgaris;  cutaneous drug administration;  randomized controlled trial (topic), Acne Vulgaris;  Adapalene;  Administration, Cutaneous;  Dermatologic Agents;  Humans;  Nicotinic Acids;  Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;  Receptors, Retinoic Acid;  Retinoids;  Treatment Outcome;  Tretinoin",
    abstract = "Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic disfiguring inflammatory disease of adolescents and adults affecting up to 90% of the population around the world. The sequence of etiopathogenesis in acne is not completely understood but involves abnormalities in sebum production, follicular plugging, proliferation of propionibacterium acnes, and chronic inflammation. Aims: This review aims to summarize the features of the topical selective RAR agonists in treating acne vulgaris with a special emphasis on the 4th generation topical retinoid trifarotene. Methods: Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till August 2019 and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles published in English language were included. Results: Topical retinoids have been first line of treatment for more than 30 years now in treating mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Third generation retinoids like adapalene and tazarotene are selective RAR and γ agonists, having an additional anti-inflammatory action along with their comedolytic effects and work well in combinations with topical antibiotics, due to the stability of chemical composition. Conclusion: Trifarotene is a new 4th generation retinoid with selective action on RAR-γ receptor alone, which is specific for skin, and it is safe for long-term maintenance therapy with good efficacy and tolerability. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc."
}