@article{3121084,
    title = "Immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: A 2020 update",
    author = "Schizas, D. and Charalampakis, N. and Kole, C. and Economopoulou, P. and Koustas, E. and Gkotsis, E. and Ziogas, D. and Psyrri, A. and Karamouzis, M.V.",
    journal = "Cancer Treatment Reviews",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "86",
    publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
    issn = "0305-7372, 1532-1967",
    doi = "10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102016",
    keywords = "algenpantucel L;  amatuximab;  antineoplastic agent;  cancer vaccine;  cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 antibody;  dendritic cell vaccine;  DNA vaccine;  fungus vaccine;  gi 4000;  granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor vaccine;  immune checkpoint inhibitor;  ipilimumab;  K ras protein;  KIF20A 66 peptide;  monoclonal antibody;  mucin 1;  nivolumab;  pembrolizumab;  peptide vaccine;  programmed death 1 ligand 1 antibody;  programmed death 1 receptor antibody;  Ras protein;  Saccharomyces cerevisiae vaccine;  survivin;  survivin 2B 80 88;  tertomotide;  unclassified drug, adaptive immunity;  adoptive transfer;  antigenicity;  cancer associated fibroblast;  cancer chemotherapy;  cancer immunization;  cancer immunotherapy;  cancer prognosis;  cancer radiotherapy;  cancer survival;  chemoradiotherapy;  human;  innate immunity;  lymphocyte transfer;  microsatellite instability;  mismatch repair;  monotherapy;  nonhuman;  overall survival;  pancreas adenocarcinoma;  progression free survival;  Review;  survival rate;  survival time;  T lymphocyte;  treatment response;  tumor microenvironment;  animal;  immunology;  immunotherapy;  multimodality cancer therapy;  pancreas carcinoma;  pancreas tumor;  procedures;  randomized controlled trial (topic), Animals;  Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal;  Combined Modality Therapy;  Humans;  Immunotherapy;  Pancreatic Neoplasms;  Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic",
    abstract = "Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is associated with extremely poor prognosis and remains a lethal malignancy. The main cure for PAC is surgical resection. Further treatment modalities, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other locoregional therapies provide low survival rates. Currently, many clinical trials seek to assess the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies in PAC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, combinations with other immunotherapeutic agents, chemoradiotherapy or other molecularly targeted agents; however, none of these studies have shown practice changing results. There seems to be a synergistic effect with increased response rates when a combinatorial approach of immunotherapy in conjunction with other modalities is being exploited. In this review, we illustrate the current role of immunotherapy in PAC. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd"
}