@article{3121786,
    title = "Self-esteem and aggression in women: differences between female prisoners and women without criminal records",
    author = "Kalemi, G. and Michopoulos, I. and Efstathiou, V. and Tzeferakos, G. and Gkioka, S. and Gournellis, R. and Douzenis, A.",
    journal = "African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "59",
    number = "10",
    pages = "1199-1211",
    publisher = "Routledge",
    issn = "1759-7374, 2052-4293",
    doi = "10.1080/03630242.2019.1593284",
    keywords = "adult;  aggression;  article;  controlled study;  criminal behavior;  education;  female;  Greece;  human;  prison;  prisoner;  questionnaire;  self esteem;  aggression;  comparative study;  cross-sectional study;  emotion;  offender;  personality test;  physiology;  prisoner;  psychology;  self concept, Adult;  Aggression;  Criminals;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Emotions;  Female;  Greece;  Humans;  Personality Inventory;  Prisoners;  Prisons;  Self Concept;  Surveys and Questionnaires",
    abstract = "Contradictory findings have been reported regarding the association between self-esteem and aggression. Most studies have dealt with non-criminal populations. This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-esteem and aggression and investigate possible differences in self-esteem and aggression between female inmates and women without criminal records (non-criminals) in the prefecture of Attica, Greece. One hundred fifty-seven female inmates in the Attica’s Korydallos Female Prison and 150 non-criminals from Attica’s general population completed the Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire and Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale between February 2012 and April 2014. Lower self-esteem was associated with higher aggression among women independent of criminality. Self-esteem was lower in inmates (Mean = 18.06, SD = 6.19) than in non-criminals (Mean = 21.65, SD = 4.90, p < .001). Female prisoners presented higher aggression than non-criminals (unadjusted Mean = 78.40, SD = 23.60 versus Mean = 68.82, SD = 14.95, p < .001). However, after adjusting for age, education and self-esteem, this difference was no longer statistically significant (p = .127). Further studies, especially in female offenders, should be conducted to broaden our understanding of female aggression with a view to developing and promoting focused therapeutic procedures. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC."
}