@article{3122074,
    title = "Impact of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system polymorphisms on myocardial perfusion: Correlations with myocardial single photon emission computed tomography-derived parameters",
    author = "Angelidis, G. and Samara, M. and Papathanassiou, M. and Satra, M. and Valotassiou, V. and Tsougos, I. and Psimadas, D. and Tzavara, C. and Alexiou, S. and Koutsikos, J. and Demakopoulos, N. and Giamouzis, G. and Triposkiadis, F. and Skoularigis, J. and Kollia, P. and Georgoulias, P.",
    journal = "Journal of Nuclear Cardiology",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "26",
    number = "4",
    pages = "1298-1308",
    publisher = "Springer New York LLC",
    issn = "1071-3581, 1532-6551",
    doi = "10.1007/s12350-017-1181-8",
    keywords = "angiotensin 1 receptor;  angiotensin 2 receptor;  angiotensinogen;  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent;  calcium channel blocking agent;  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase;  genomic DNA;  nitric acid derivative;  renin;  tetrofosmin tc 99m;  angiotensin receptor;  angiotensinogen;  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase;  renin, a1166c gene;  adult;  aged;  allele;  Article;  c3123a gene;  c5312t gene;  cardiovascular parameters;  cardiovascular risk;  coronary artery disease;  diabetes mellitus;  DNA polymorphism;  female;  gated single photon emission computed tomography;  gene;  heart left ventricle enddiastolic volume;  heart left ventricle endsystolic volume;  heart muscle perfusion;  heterozygote;  homozygote;  human;  hyperlipidemia;  hypertension;  indel mutation;  lung heart ratio;  m235t gene;  major clinical study;  male;  myocardial perfusion imaging;  obesity;  priority journal;  renin angiotensin aldosterone system;  scoring system;  summed difference score;  summed rest score;  summed stress score;  t174m gene;  thorax pain;  transient ischemic dilation;  coronary artery blood flow;  diagnostic imaging;  genetic polymorphism;  genetics;  middle aged;  myocardial perfusion imaging;  pathophysiology;  renin angiotensin aldosterone system;  single photon emission computed tomography;  very elderly, Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Angiotensinogen;  Coronary Artery Disease;  Coronary Circulation;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Myocardial Perfusion Imaging;  Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A;  Polymorphism, Genetic;  Receptors, Angiotensin;  Renin;  Renin-Angiotensin System;  Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon",
    abstract = "Background: Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) has an important role in atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of six RAAS gene polymorphisms on myocardial perfusion. Methods and Results: We examined 810 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) using stress–rest myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography. Summed stress score (SSS), summed rest score (SRS), summed difference score (SDS), transient ischemic dilation (TID), and lung/heart ratio (LHR) were recorded. The following gene polymorphisms were investigated: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T and T174M, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) A1166C, renin (REN) C5312T, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) C3123A. The heterozygotes or homozygotes on ACE D allele were 7.54 times more likely to have abnormal SSS, while the AGT (T174M) heterozygotes were 5.19 times more likely to have abnormal SSS. The homozygotes of ACE D had significantly higher values on TID and LHR, while the AGT (T174M) heterozygotes had higher values on TID. The AT1R heterozygotes had greater odds for having SSS ≥ 3. The patients carried AT1R homozygosity of C allele had significantly higher values on TID, while heterozygotes of AT1R had significantly higher values on LHR. Conclusions: Among the polymorphisms investigated, ACE D allele had the strongest association with abnormal myocardial perfusion. © 2018, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology."
}