@article{3122715,
    title = "2019 ARIA Care pathways for allergen immunotherapy [ARIA-Versorgungspfade für die Allergenimmuntherapie 2019]",
    author = "Bousquet, J. and Pfaar, O. and Togias, A. and Schünemann, H.J. and Ansotegui, I. and Papadopoulos, N.G. and Tsiligianni, I. and Agache, I. and Anto, J.M. and Bachert, C. and Bedbrook, A. and Bergmann, K.C. and Bosnic-Anticevich, S. and Bosse, I. and Brozek, J. and Calderon, M. and Canonica, G.W. and Caraballo, L. and Cardona, V. and Casale, T. and Cecchi, L. and Chu, D.K. and Costa, E. and Cruz, A.A. and Czarlewski, W. and Durham, S.R. and Du Toit, G. and Dykewicz, M. and Ebisawa, M. and Fauquert, J.L. and Fernandez-Rivas, M. and Fokkens, W.J. and Fonseca, J. and Fontaine, J.F. and Gerth Van Wijk, R. and Haahtela, T. and Halken, S. and Hellings, P.W. and Ierodiakonou, D. and Iinuma, T. and Ivancevich, J.C. and Jacobsen, L. and Jutel, M. and Kaidashev, I. and Khaitov, M. and Kalayci, O. and Kleine Tebbe, J. and Klimek, L. and Kowalski, M.L. and Kuna, P. and Kvedariene, V. and La Grutta, S. and Larenas-Linemann, D. and Lau, S. and Laune, D. and Le, L. and Lodrup Carlsen, K. and Lourenço, O. and Malling, H.J. and Marien, G. and Menditto, E. and Mercier, G. and Mullol, J. and Muraro, A. and O'Hehir, R. and Okamoto, Y. and Pajno, G.B. and Park, H.S. and Panzner, P. and Passalacqua, G. and Pham-Thi, N. and Roberts, G. and Rolland, C. and Rosario, N. and Ryan, D. and Samolinski, B. and Sanchez-Borges, M. and Scadding, G. and Shamji, M.H. and Sheikh, A. and Sturm, G.J. and Todo Bom, A. and Toppila-Salmi, S. and Valentin-Rostan, M. and Valiulis, A. and Valovirta, E. and Ventura, M.T. and Wahn, U. and Walker, S. and Wallace, D. and Waserman, S. and Yorgancioglu, A. and Zuberbier, T. and ARIA-Arbeitsgruppe",
    journal = "Allergology International",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "42",
    number = "9",
    pages = "404-425",
    publisher = "Dustri Verlag/Dr. Karl Feistle",
    issn = "1323-8930",
    doi = "10.5414/ALX02096",
    keywords = "allergen, allergic rhinitis;  asthma;  clinical pathway;  desensitization;  drug indication;  human;  immunotherapy;  multiple chronic conditions;  patient selection;  practice guideline;  Review",
    abstract = "Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven therapeutic option for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Many guidelines or national practice guidelines have been produced but the evidence- based method varies, many are complex and none propose care pathways. This paper reviews care pathways for AIT using strict criteria and provides simple recommendations that can be used by all stakeholders including health professionals. The decision to prescribe AIT for the patient should be individualized and based on the relevance of the allergens, the persistence of symptoms despite appropriate medications according to guidelines as well as on the availability of good-quality and efficacious extracts. Allergen extracts cannot be regarded as generics. Immunotherapy is selected by specialists for stratified patients. There are no currently available validated biomarkers that can predict AIT success. In adolescents and adults, AIT should be reserved for patients with moderate/severe rhinitis or for those with moderate asthma who, despite appropriate pharmacotherapy and adherence, continue to exhibit exacerbations that appear to be related to allergen exposure, except in some specific cases. Immunotherapy may be even more advantageous in patients with multimorbidity. In children, AIT may prevent asthma onset in patients with rhinitis. mHealth tools are promising for the stratification and follow up of patients. © 2019 Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle. All rights reserved."
}