@article{3124409,
    title = "Osteoporosis and vascular calcification in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study",
    author = "Lampropoulos, C.E. and Kalamara, P. and Konsta, M. and Papaioannou, I. and Papadima, E. and Antoniou, Z. and Andrianopoulou, A. and Vlachoyiannopoulos, P.G.",
    journal = "Climacteric",
    year = "2016",
    volume = "19",
    number = "3",
    pages = "303-307",
    publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
    issn = "1369-7137, 1473-0804",
    doi = "10.3109/13697137.2016.1164134",
    keywords = "C reactive protein;  calcium;  cholesterol;  creatinine;  glucose;  hemoglobin A1c;  high density lipoprotein cholesterol;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol;  thyroid hormone;  triacylglycerol;  urea;  vitamin D;  calcium intake, abdominal aortic calcification;  adult;  aging;  arterial wall thickness;  Article;  blood vessel calcification;  bone density;  cardiovascular risk;  clinical article;  controlled study;  cross-sectional study;  female;  human;  lumbar spine;  menopause;  osteoporosis;  postmenopause;  priority journal;  spine radiography;  vitamin supplementation;  abdominal aorta;  administration and dosage;  aged;  blood vessel calcification;  calcium intake;  cardiovascular disease;  complication;  diagnostic imaging;  dietary supplement;  middle aged;  photon absorptiometry;  postmenopause;  postmenopause osteoporosis;  radiography;  risk factor, Absorptiometry, Photon;  Aged;  Aorta, Abdominal;  Calcium, Dietary;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  Carotid Intima-Media Thickness;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Dietary Supplements;  Female;  Humans;  Middle Aged;  Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal;  Postmenopause;  Radiography;  Risk Factors;  Vascular Calcification;  Vitamin D",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT: Objectives To estimate the correlation between osteoporosis and vascular calcification in postmenopausal women and the influence of calcium/vitamin D supplements on vascular calcification. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed including 29 women with osteoporosis (15 not taking supplements) and 18 age-matched, non-osteoporotic women. They were evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors and blood tests, lateral X-ray of lumbar spine (assessment of abdominal aorta calcification, AAC) and carotid ultrasound (increased intima media thickness (iIMT) or calcified plaques) were performed. Results In univariate analysis, osteoporotic women were 16 times more likely to develop AAC (odds ratio (OR) 15.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–135.4) and seven times more likely to develop iIMT (OR 6.8, 95% CI 1.8–25.4) compared to normal individuals. The odds of developing AAC and iIMT were increased each year after menopause (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.2 and OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.3, respectively) and with aging (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.1–1.47 and OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.3, respectively). Calcified plaques were significantly correlated with osteoporosis (p = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, osteoporosis was an independent risk factor for AAC (OR 13.3, 95% CI 1.3–134.4) and iIMT (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.1–19.9). Low doses of supplements did not appear to affect vascular calcification (p = 0.6). Conclusions Osteoporosis is associated with increased calcification of the abdominal aorta and carotids. Low doses of supplements do not appear to cause any increase in vascular calcification in osteoporotic women. © 2016 International Menopause Society."
}