@article{3126457,
    title = "Chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection and risk for non-hodgkin lymphoma in HIV-infected patients: A cohort study",
    author = "Wang, Q. and De Luca, A. and Smith, C. and Zangerle, R. and Sambatakou, H. and Bonnet, F. and Smit, C. and Schommers, P. and Thornton, A. and Berenguer, J. and Peters, L. and Spagnuolo, V. and Ammassari, A. and Antinori, A. and Roldan, E.Q. and Mussini, C. and Miro, J.M. and Konopnicki, D. and Fehr, J. and Campbell, M.A. and Termote, M. and Bucher, H.C. and De Wit, S. and Costagliola, D. and D'Arminio-Monforte, A. and Castagna, A. and Del Amo, J. and Mocroft, A. and Raben, D. and Chêne, G. and Touloumi, G. and Warszawski, J. and Meyer, L. and Dabis, F. and Krause, M.M. and Ghosn, J. and Leport, C. and Wittkop, L. and Reiss, P. and Wit, F. and Prins, M. and Sabin, C. and Gibb, D. and Fätkenheuer, G. and Obel, N. and Thorne, C. and Kirk, O. and Stephan, C. and Pérez-Hoyos, S. and Hamouda, O. and Bartmeyer, B. and Chkhartishvili, N. and Noguera-Julian, A. and Brockmeyer, N. and Prieto, L. and Conejo, P.R. and Soriano-Arandes, A. and Battegay, M. and Rauch, A. and Tookey, P. and Casabona, J. and Goetghebuer, T. and Sönnerborg, A. and Torti, C. and Teira, R. and Garrido, M. and Haerry, D. and Bohlius, J. and Bouteloup, V. and Cozzi-Lepri, A. and Davies, M.-A. and Dorrucci, M. and Dunn, D. and Egger, M. and Furrer, H. and Guiguet, M. and Grabar, S. and Judd, A. and Lambotte, O. and Leroy, V. and Lodi, S. and Matheron, S. and Monge, S. and Nakagawa, F. and Paredes, R. and Phillips, A. and Puoti, M. and Schomaker, M. and Sterne, J. and Thiebaut, R. and Van Der Valk, M. and Wyss, N. and Barger, D. and Schwimmer, C. and Friis-Møller, N. and Kjaer, J. and Brandt, R.S. and The Hepatitis Coinfection and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma project team for the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) in EuroCoord",
    journal = "ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE",
    year = "2017",
    volume = "166",
    number = "1",
    pages = "9-17",
    publisher = "American College of Physicians",
    issn = "0003-4819",
    doi = "10.7326/M16-0240",
    keywords = "anti human immunodeficiency virus agent;  biological marker;  hepatitis antibody;  hepatitis B core antigen;  hepatitis B surface antigen;  immunoglobulin G;  virus RNA, adult;  antiretroviral therapy;  Article;  brain lymphoma;  Burkitt lymphoma;  cancer incidence;  cancer risk;  chronic hepatitis B;  chronic hepatitis C;  controlled study;  diffuse large B cell lymphoma;  disease association;  female;  follow up;  human;  Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  major clinical study;  male;  nonhodgkin lymphoma;  priority journal;  blood;  cohort analysis;  complication;  Hepatitis B, Chronic;  hepatitis C;  Hepatitis C, Chronic;  HIV Infections;  immunology;  mortality;  nonhodgkin lymphoma;  risk factor, Adult;  Anti-HIV Agents;  Biomarkers;  Cohort Studies;  Female;  Hepatitis Antibodies;  Hepatitis B Core Antigens;  Hepatitis B Surface Antigens;  Hepatitis B, Chronic;  Hepatitis C;  Hepatitis C, Chronic;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Immunoglobulin G;  Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin;  Male;  Risk Factors;  RNA, Viral",
    abstract = "Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common AIDS-defining condition in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Whether chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection promote NHL in HIV-infected patients is unclear. Objective: To investigate whether chronic HBV and HCV infection are associated with increased incidence of NHL in HIVinfected patients. Design: Cohort study. Setting: 18 of 33 cohorts from the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE). Patients: HIV-infected patients with information on HBV surface antigen measurements and detectable HCV RNA, or a positive HCV antibody test result if HCV RNA measurements were not available. Measurements: Time-dependent Cox models to assess risk for NHL in treatment-naive patients and those initiating ART, with inverse probability weighting to control for informative censoring. Results: A total of 52 479 treatment-naive patients (1339 [2.6%] with chronic HBV infection and 7506 [14.3%] with HCV infection) were included, of whom 40 219 (77%) later started ART. The median follow-up was 13 months for treatment-naive patients and 50 months for those receiving ART. A total of 252 treatmentnaive patients and 310 treated patients developed NHL, with incidence rates of 219 and 168 cases per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The hazard ratios for NHL with HBV and HCV infection were 1.33 (95% CI, 0.69 to 2.56) and 0.67 (CI, 0.40 to 1.12), respectively, in treatment-naive patients and 1.74 (CI, 1.08 to 2.82) and 1.73 (CI, 1.21 to 2.46), respectively, in treated patients. Limitation: Many treatment-naive patients later initiated ART, which limited the study of the associations of chronic HBV and HCV infection with NHL in this patient group. Conclusion: In HIV-infected patients receiving ART, chronic coinfection with HBV and HCV is associated with an increased risk for NHL. © 2017 American College of Physicians."
}