@article{3129557,
    title = "Protective effect of NAC preconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion injury in piglet small bowel transplantation: Effects on plasma TNF, IL-8, hyaluronic acid, and NO",
    author = "Kostopanagiotou, G. and Avgerinos, E.D. and Markidou, E. and Voiniadis, P. and Chondros, C. and Theodoraki, K. and Smyrniotis, V. and Arkadopoulos, N.",
    journal = "Journal of Surgical Research",
    year = "2011",
    volume = "168",
    number = "2",
    pages = "301-305",
    publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
    issn = "0022-4804, 1095-8673",
    doi = "10.1016/j.jss.2009.09.002",
    keywords = "acetylcysteine;  hyaluronic acid;  interleukin 8;  lactate dehydrogenase;  nitric oxide;  tumor necrosis factor alpha, animal experiment;  animal model;  animal tissue;  article;  controlled study;  drug effect;  enteritis;  enzyme blood level;  female;  intestine injury;  intestine ischemia;  intestine transplantation;  ischemia reperfusion injury;  ischemic preconditioning;  male;  nonhuman;  piglet;  preoperative treatment;  priority journal;  protein blood level;  reperfusion injury;  stomach protection",
    abstract = "Background: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the main factors affecting the function and structure of small bowel transplantation (SBT), by generation of proinflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, cytokines, and endotoxin. Experimental data have demonstrated that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuates intestinal I/R injury. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of NAC preconditioning on the SBT-I/R induced inflammatory cascade, with particular focus on TNF, IL-8, hyaluronic acid, and NO. Methods: Fifteen domestic pigs were used as donors. Fifteen recipient animals were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1: SBTx (n = 7) served as controls and Group 2: SBTx (n = 8) served as the experimental group (NAC administration). Results: NAC administration at a continuous 4h intravenous bolus dose of 200mg/kg of body weight, starting before initiation of bowel transplantation, resulted in statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher plasma levels of NO, and lower plasma levels of hyaluronic acid, TNF-α, IL-8, and LDH compared with those of the control group, at the 360min time point. Conclusions: NAC confers a protective role in small bowel transplantation associated, partly, with NO generation and hyaluronic acid, TNF-α and IL-8 amelioration. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."
}