@article{3132052,
    title = "Enophthalmos correction in complex orbital floor reconstruction. Computer-assisted, intraoperative, non-contact, optical 3D support [Enophthalmuskorrektur bei komplexer orbitarekonstruktion. Computerassistierte, intraoperative, berührungsfreie, optische 3D-unterstützung]",
    author = "Kühnel, T.V. and Vairaktaris, E. and Schlegel, K.A. and Neukam, F.W. and Kühnel, B. and Holbach, L.M. and Nkenke, E.",
    journal = "Ophthalmology Glaucoma",
    year = "2008",
    volume = "105",
    number = "6",
    pages = "578-583",
    doi = "10.1007/s00347-007-1585-y",
    keywords = "adult;  article;  case report;  computer assisted surgery;  computer assisted tomography;  computer interface;  diagnostic imaging;  diplopia;  enophthalmos;  face injury;  human;  image processing;  injury;  male;  methodology;  orbit;  osteosynthesis;  postoperative complication;  skiing;  three dimensional imaging;  visual system examination;  zygoma arch fracture, Adult;  Diagnostic Imaging;  Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological;  Diplopia;  Enophthalmos;  Facial Injuries;  Fracture Fixation, Internal;  Humans;  Image Processing, Computer-Assisted;  Imaging, Three-Dimensional;  Male;  Orbit;  Postoperative Complications;  Skiing;  Surgery, Computer-Assisted;  Tomography, X-Ray Computed;  User-Computer Interface;  Zygomatic Fractures",
    abstract = "In the case of displacement of the globe such as enophthalmos induced by trauma, the patient is affected on both counts: function and aesthetics. To prevent double vision or conspicuous asymmetry, exact correction of the globe position is required. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate an intraoperative computer-assisted, non-contact, optical 3D procedure for identification of the globe position to aid in placing the eyeball in the position required in complex reconstruction of the orbital floor. A 33-year-old man presented with a sunken eye on the right side in the horizontal and vertical plane 6 months after having undergone surgery elsewhere for a zygomatico-orbital fracture, also including the orbital floor. The patient was affected by double vision and a noticeable defective globe position. In planning the correction of the globe position, a three-dimensional image of the face with opened eyes was made with the optical sensor. Automatic comparison of symmetry revealed enophthalmos of 4 mm on relative en- and exophthalmometry. The decision was made to lift the orbital floor with a split calvarial bone graft. During surgery the position of the globe was also controlled by the three-dimensional optical technique. At the end of surgery there was exophthalmos of 1 mm. Six weeks after surgery the patient was not affected by any double vision. After 3 and 24 months enophthalmos was 1 mm. This case demonstrates how the non-ionizing, non-contact, optical 3D technique can help in planning, intraoperative transformation, and clinical monitoring to identify the correct position of the corneal vertex in complex orbital floor reconstruction. © 2007 Springer Medizin Verlag."
}