@article{3142120,
    title = "Fruit and vegetable consumption and pancreatic cancer risk in the
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition",
    author = "Vrieling, Alina and Verhage, Bas A. J. and van Duijnhoven, Franzel J. B. and and Jenab, Mazda and Overvad, Kim and Tjonneland, Anne and Olsen, Anja and and Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise and Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and and Kaaks, Rudolf and Rohrmann, Sabine and Boeing, Heiner and Noethlings, and Ute and Trichopoulou, Antonia and John, Tountas and Dimosthenes, Zilis and and Palli, Domenico and Sieri, Sabina and Mattielllo, Amalia and Tumino, and Rosario and Vineis, Paolo and van Gils, Carla H. and Peeters, Petra H. and M. and Engeset, Dagrun and Lund, Eiliv and Rodriguez Suarez, Laudina and and Jakszyn, Paula and Larranaga, Nerea and Sanchez, Maria-Jose and and Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores and Ardana, Eva and Manjer, Jonas and and Lindkvist, Bjoern and Hallmans, Goeran and Ye, Weimin and Bingham, and Sheila and Khaw, Kay-Tee and Roddam, Andrew and Key, Tim and Boffetta, and Paolo and Duell, Eric J. and Michaud, Dominique S. and Riboli, Elio and and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas",
    journal = "International Journal  of Cancer",
    year = "2009",
    volume = "124",
    number = "8",
    pages = "1926-1934",
    publisher = "Wiley",
    issn = "0020-7136",
    doi = "10.1002/ijc.24134",
    keywords = "pancreatic cancer; fruit; vegetables; cohort study; EPIC",
    abstract = "Many case-control studies have suggested that higher consumption of
fruit and vegetables is associated with a lower risk or pancreatic
cancer, whereas cohort studies do not support such an association. We
examined the associations of the consumption of. fruits and vegetables
and their main subgroups with pancreatic cancer risk within the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is
comprised of over 520,000 Subjects recruited from 10 European countries.
The present study included 555 exocrine pancreatic cancer cases after an
average follow-up of 8.9 years. Estimates of risk were obtained by Cox
proportional hazard models, stratified by age at recruitment, gender,
and study center. and adjusted for total energy intake, weight, height,
history of diabetes mellitus, and smoking status. Total consumption of
fruit and vegetables, combined or separately, as well as subgroups of
vegetables and fruits were unrelated to risk of pancreatic cancer.
Hazard ratios (95% CI) for the highest versus the lowest quartile were
0.92 (0.68-1.25) for total fruit and vegetables combined, 0.99
(0.73-1.33) for total vegetables, and 1.02 (0.77-1.36) for total fruits.
Stratification by gender or smoking status, restriction to
microscopically verified cases, and exclusion of the first 2 years of
follow-up (lid not materially change the results. These results from a
large European prospective cohort Suggest that higher consumption of
fruit and vegetables is not associated with decreased risk of pancreatic
cancer. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc."
}