@article{3144781,
    title = "Observation of muon intensity variations by season with the MINOS far
detector",
    author = "Adamson, P. and Andreopoulos, C. and Arms, K. E. and Armstrong, R. and and Auty, D. J. and Ayres, D. S. and Backhouse, C. and Barnett, J. and Barr, and G. and Barrett, W. L. and Becker, B. R. and Bishai, M. and Blake, A. and and Bock, B. and Bock, G. J. and Boehnlein, D. J. and Bogert, D. and Bower, and C. and Cavanaugh, S. and Chapman, J. D. and Cherdack, D. and Childress, and S. and Choudhary, B. C. and Cobb, J. H. and Coleman, S. J. and and Cronin-Hennessy, D. and Culling, A. J. and Danko, I. Z. and de Jong, J. and K. and Devenish, N. E. and Diwan, M. V. and Dorman, M. and Escobar, C. and O. and Evans, J. J. and Falk, E. and Feldman, G. J. and Fields, T. H. and and Frohne, M. V. and Gallagher, H. R. and Godley, A. and Goodman, M. C. and and Gouffon, P. and Gran, R. and Grashorn, E. W. and Grzelak, K. and and Habig, A. and Harris, D. and Harris, P. G. and Hartnell, J. and Hatcher, and R. and Heller, K. and Himmel, A. and Holin, A. and Hylen, J. and Irwin, and G. M. and Isvan, Z. and Jaffe, D. E. and James, C. and Jensen, D. and and Kafka, T. and Kasahara, S. M. S. and Koizumi, G. and Kopp, S. and and Kordosky, M. and Korman, K. and Koskinen, D. J. and Krahn, Z. and and Kreymer, A. and Lang, K. and Ling, J. and Litchfield, P. J. and and Loiacono, L. and Lucas, P. and Ma, J. and Mann, W. A. and Marshak, M. L. and and Marshall, J. S. and Mayer, N. and McGowan, A. M. and Mehdiyev, R. and and Meier, J. R. and Messier, M. D. and Metelko, C. J. and Michael, D. and G. and Miller, Kw. H. and Mishra, S. R. and Mitchell, J. and Moore, C. and D. and Morfin, J. and Mualem, L. and Mufson, S. and Musser, J. and and Naples, D. and Nelson, J. K. and Newman, H. B. and Nichol, R. J. and and Nicholls, T. C. and Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P. and Oliver, W. P. and Osiecki, and T. and Ospanov, R. and Osprey, S. and Paley, J. and Patterson, R. B. and and Patzak, T. and Pawloski, G. and Pearce, G. F. and Peterson, E. A. and and Pittam, R. and Plunkett, R. K. and Rahaman, A. and Rameika, R. A. and and Raufer, T. M. and Rebel, B. and Reichenbacher, J. and Rodrigues, P. A. and and Rosenfeld, C. and Rubin, H. A. and Ryabov, V. A. and Sanchez, M. C. and and Saoulidou, N. and Schneps, J. and Schreiner, P. and Shanahan, P. and and Smart, W. and Smith, C. and Sousa, A. and Speakman, B. and Stamoulis, P. and and Strait, M. and Tagg, N. and Talaga, R. L. and Thomas, J. and and Thomson, M. A. and Thron, J. L. and Tinti, G. and Toner, R. and Tsarev, and V. A. and Tzanakos, G. and Urheim, J. and Vahle, P. and Viren, B. and and Watabe, M. and Weber, A. and Webb, R. C. and West, N. and White, C. and and Whitehead, L. and Wojcicki, S. G. and Wright, D. M. and Yang, T. and and Zois, M. and Zhang, K. and Zwaska, R. and MINOS Collaboration",
    journal = "Physical Review D",
    year = "2010",
    volume = "81",
    number = "1",
    publisher = "AMER PHYSICAL SOC",
    issn = "2470-0010, 2470-0029",
    doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.81.012001",
    abstract = "The temperature of the upper atmosphere affects the height of primary
cosmic ray interactions and the production of high-energy cosmic ray
muons which can be detected deep underground. The MINOS far detector at
Soudan, MN, has collected over 67 X 10(6) cosmic ray induced muons. The
underground muon rate measured over a period of five years exhibits a
4% peak-to-peak seasonal variation which is highly correlated with the
temperature in the upper atmosphere. The coefficient, alpha(T), relating
changes in the muon rate to changes in atmospheric temperature was found
to be alpha(T) 0: 873 +/- 0: 009(stat) +/- 0.010(syst). Pions and kaons
in the primary hadronic interactions of cosmic rays in the atmosphere
contribute differently to alpha(T) due to the different masses and
lifetimes. This allows the measured value of alpha(T) to be interpreted
as a measurement of the K/pi ratio for E-p greater than or similar to 7
TeV of 0.12(-0.05)(+0.07), consistent with the expectation from collider
experiments."
}