@article{3145343,
    title = "Performance of CMS hadron calorimeter timing and synchronization using
test beam, cosmic ray, and LHC beam data",
    author = "Chatrchyan, S. and Khachatryan, V. and Sirunyan, A. M. and Adam, W. and and Arnold, B. and Bergauer, H. and Bergauer, T. and Dragicevic, M. and and Eichberger, M. and Eroe, J. and Friedl, M. and Fruehwirth, R. and Ghete, and V. M. and Hammer, J. and Haensel, S. and Hoch, M. and Hoermann, N. and and Hrubec, J. and Jeitler, M. and Kasieczka, G. and Kastner, K. and and Krammer, M. and Liko, D. and de Abril, I. Magrans and Mikulec, I. and and Mittermayr, F. and Neuherz, B. and Oberegger, M. and Padrta, M. and and Pernicka, M. and Rohringer, H. and Schmid, S. and Schoefbeck, R. and and Schreiner, T. and Stark, R. and Steininger, H. and Strauss, J. and and Taurok, A. and Teischinger, F. and Themel, T. and Uhl, D. and Wagner, P. and and Waltenberger, W. and Walzel, G. and Widl, E. and Wulz, C-E and and Chekhovsky, V. and Dvornikov, O. and Emeliantchik, I. and Litomin, A. and and Makarenko, V. and Marfin, I. and Mossolov, V. and Shumeiko, N. and and Solin, A. and Stefanovitch, R. and Gonzalez, J. Suarez and Tikhonov, A. and and Fedorov, A. and Karneyeu, A. and Korzhik, M. and Panov, V. and and Zuyeuski, R. and Kuchinsky, P. and Beaumont, W. and Benucci, L. and and Cardaci, M. and De Wolf, E. A. and Delmeire, E. and Druzhkin, D. and and Hashemi, M. and Janssen, X. and Maes, T. and Mucibello, L. and Ochesanu, and S. and Rougny, R. and Selvaggi, M. and Van Haevermaet, H. and Van and Mechelen, P. and Van Remortel, N. and Adler, V. and Beauceron, S. and and Blyweert, S. and D'Hondt, J. and De Weirdt, S. and Devroede, O. and and Heyninck, J. and Kalogeropoulos, A. and Maes, J. and Maes, M. and Mozer, and M. U. and Tavernier, S. and Van Doninck, W. and Van Mulders, P. and and Villella, I. and Bouhali, O. and Chabert, E. C. and Charaf, O. and and Clerbaux, B. and De Lentdecker, G. and Dero, V. and Elgammal, S. and and Gay, A. P. R. and Hammad, G. H. and Marage, P. E. and Rugovac, S. and and Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. and Wickens, J. and Grunewald, M. and and Klein, B. and Marinov, A. and Ryckbosch, D. and Thyssen, F. and Tytgat, and M. and Vanelderen, L. and Verwilligen, P. and Basegmez, S. and Bruno, G. and and Caudron, J. and Delaere, C. and Demin, P. and Favart, D. and and Giammanco, A. and Gregoire, G. and Lemaitre, V. and Militaru, O. and and Ovyn, S. and Piotrzkowski, K. and Quertenmont, L. and Schul, N. and and Beliy, N. and Daubie, E. and Alves, G. A. and Pol, M. E. and Souza, M. and H. G. and Carvalho, W. and De Jesus Damiao, D. and De Oliveira Martins, and C. and Fonseca De Souza, S. and Mundim, L. and Oguri, V. and Santoro, A. and and Silva Do Amaral, S. M. and Sznajder, A. and Fernandez Perez Tomei, and T. R. and Ferreira Dias, M. A. and Gregores, E. M. and Novaes, S. 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    journal = "Journal of Instrumentation",
    year = "2010",
    volume = "5",
    publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd",
    issn = "1748-0221",
    doi = "10.1088/1748-0221/5/03/T03013",
    keywords = "Calorimeters; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle
physics",
    abstract = "This paper discusses the design and performance of the time measurement
technique and of the synchronization systems of the CMS hadron
calorimeter. Time measurement performance results are presented from
test beam data taken in the years 2004 and 2006. For hadronic showers of
energy greater than 100 GeV, the timing resolution is measured to be
about 1.2 ns. Time synchronization and out-of-time background rejection
results are presented from the Cosmic Run At Four Tesla and LHC beam
runs taken in the Autumn of 2008. The inter-channel synchronization is
measured to be within +/- 2 ns."
}