@article{3148508,
    title = "HIV Transmission Patterns Among The Netherlands, Suriname, and The
Netherlands Antilles: A Molecular Epidemiological Study",
    author = "Kramer, Merlijn A. and Cornelissen, Marion and Paraskevis, Dimitrios and and Prins, Maria and Coutinho, Roel A. and van Sighem, Ard I. and Sabajo, and Lesley and Duits, Ashley J. and Winkel, Cai N. and Prins, Jan M. and van and der Ende, Marchina E. and Kauffmann, Robert H. and de Coul, Eline L. Op",
    journal = "AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses",
    year = "2011",
    volume = "27",
    number = "2",
    pages = "123-130",
    publisher = "MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL",
    issn = "0889-2229, 1931-8405",
    doi = "10.1089/aid.2010.0115",
    abstract = "We aimed to study patterns of HIV transmission among Suriname, The
Netherlands Antilles, and The Netherlands. Fragments of env, gag, and
pol genes of 55 HIV-infected Surinamese, Antillean, and Dutch
heterosexuals living in The Netherlands and 72 HIV-infected
heterosexuals living in Suriname and the Antilles were amplified and
sequenced. We included 145 pol sequences of HIV-infected Surinamese,
Antillean, and Dutch heterosexuals living in The Netherlands from an
observational cohort. All sequences were phylogenetically analyzed by
neighbor-joining. Additionally, HIV-1 mobility among ethnic groups was
estimated. A phylogenetic tree of all pol sequences showed two
Surinamese and three Antillean clusters of related strains, but no
clustering between ethnic groups. Clusters included sequences of
individuals living in Suriname and the Antilles as well as those who
have migrated to The Netherlands. Similar clustering patterns were
observed in env and gag. Analysis of HIV mobility among ethnic groups
showed significantly lower migration between groups than expected under
the hypothesis of panmixis, apart from higher HIV migration between
Antilleans in The Netherlands and all other groups. Our study shows that
HIV transmission mainly occurs within the ethnic group. This suggests
that cultural factors could have a larger impact on HIV mobility than
geographic distance."
}