@article{3152751,
    title = "Intrauterine growth restriction may not suppress bone formation at term,
as indicated by circulating concentrations of undercarboxylated
osteocalcin and Dickkopf-1",
    author = "Briana, Despina D. and Gourgiotis, Dimitrios and Georgiadis, Anestis and and Boutsikou, Maria and Baka, Stavroula and Marmarinos, Antonios and and Hassiakos, Dimitrios and Malamitsi-Puchner, Ariadne",
    journal = "Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental",
    year = "2012",
    volume = "61",
    number = "3",
    pages = "335-340",
    publisher = "W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC",
    issn = "0026-0495",
    doi = "10.1016/j.metabol.2011.07.008",
    abstract = "The objective was to investigate circulating concentrations of bone
formation markers (undercarboxylated osteocalcin [Glu-OC], an
established marker of bone formation during fetal and early postnatal
life), and Dickkopf-1 [DKK-1], a natural inhibitor of
osteoblastogenesis during fetal development]) in intrauterine-growth
restricted (IUGR; associated with impaired fetal skeletal development)
and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) pregnancies. Circulating
concentrations of Glu-OC and DKK-1 were determined by enzyme immunoassay
in 40 mothers and their 20 asymmetric IUGR and 20 AGA singleton
full-term fetuses and neonates on postnatal day 1 (N1) and 4 (N4).
Parametric tests were applied in the statistical analysis. No
significant differences in Glu-OC concentrations were observed between
IUGR and AGA groups, whereas fetal DKK-1 concentrations were lower in
the IUGR group (P = .028). In both groups, maternal Glu-OC and DKK-1
concentrations were lower than fetal, N1, and N4 concentrations (P <=
.012 in all cases), whereas fetal Glu-OC concentrations were higher than
N1 and N4 ones (P <= .037 in all cases). In addition, N1 GluOC
concentrations were higher than N4 concentrations (P = .047). Finally,
maternal Glu-OC and DKK-1 concentrations positively correlated with
fetal, N1, and N4 ones (r >= 0.404, P <= .01 in all cases).
Fetal/neonatal bone formation may not be impaired in full-term
asymmetric IUGR infants, as indicated by the similar Glu-OC
concentrations in both groups. Fetal DDK-1 concentrations are lower in
the IUGR group, representing probably a compensatory mechanism, favoring
the formation of mineralized bone. Fetal/neonatal bone turnover is
markedly enhanced compared with maternal one and seems to be associated
with the latter in both late pregnancy and early postpartum. (C) 2012
Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."
}