@article{3152884,
    title = "IL-9 Induces VEGF Secretion from Human Mast Cells and IL-9/IL-9 Receptor
Genes Are Overexpressed in Atopic Dermatitis",
    author = "Sismanopoulos, Nikolaos and Delivanis, Danae A. and Alysandratos, and Konstantinos D. and Angelidou, Asimenia and Vasiadi, Magdalini and and Therianou, Anastasia and Theoharides, Theoharis C.",
    journal = "PLOS ONE",
    year = "2012",
    volume = "7",
    number = "3",
    publisher = "Public Library of Science",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0033271",
    abstract = "Interleukin 9 (IL-9) has been implicated in mast cell-related
inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, where vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF) is involved. Here we report that IL-9 (10-20 ng/ml)
induces gene expression and secretion of VEGF from human LAD2. IL-9 does
not induce mast cell degranulation or the release of other mediators
(IL-1, IL-8, or TNF). VEGF production in response to IL-9 involves
STAT-3 activation. The effect is inhibited (about 80%) by the STAT-3
inhibitor, Stattic. Gene-expression of IL-9 and IL-9 receptor is
significantly increased in lesional skin areas of atopic dermatitis (AD)
patients as compared to normal control skin, while serum IL-9 is not
different from controls. These results imply that functional
interactions between IL-9 and mast cells leading to VEGF release
contribute to the initiation/propagation of the pathogenesis of AD, a
skin inflammatory disease."
}