@article{3154234,
    title = "Risk factors for development of Clostridium difficile infection due to
BI/NAP1/027 strain: a meta-analysis",
    author = "Vardakas, Konstantinos Z. and Konstantelias, Athanasios A. and Loizidis, and Giorgos and Rafailidis, Petros I. and Falagas, Matthew E.",
    journal = "International Journal of Infectious Diseases",
    year = "2012",
    volume = "16",
    number = "11",
    pages = "E768-E773",
    publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Exeter, United Kingdom",
    issn = "1201-9712",
    doi = "10.1016/j.ijid.2012.07.010",
    keywords = "Clostridium difficile; Infection; BI/NAP1/027",
    abstract = "Objective: To identify risk factors for the development of Clostridium
difficile infection (CDI) due to C. difficile BI/NAP1/027 strain.
Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies that
sought to identify risk factors for CDI due to the BI/NAP1/027 strain.
The technique of meta-analysis was applied.
Results: Five studies compared CDI BI/NAP1/027 patients to CDI patients
infected with non-BI/NAP1/027 strains, one compared CDI BI/NAP1/027
patients to non-CDI patients, and one provided data for both
comparisons. The meta-analysis showed that fluoroquinolones were
associated with a higher risk of CDI due to BI/NAP1/027 when compared to
non-BI/NAP1/027 CDI (odds ratio (OR) 1.96, 95% confidence interval
(95% CI) 1.37-2.80). A trend towards a lower risk for CDI due to
BI/NAP1/027 was observed with cephalosporins when compared to
non-BI/NAP1/027 CDI (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.46-1.07). Prior macrolides were
not associated with a higher risk for CDI BI/NAP1/027 when compared with
non-BI/NAP1/027 CDI controls (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.44-1.78). Clindamycin
administration was associated with a lower risk for CDI due to
BI/NAP1/027 when compared to non-BI/NAP1/027 CDI (OR 0.24, 95% CI
0.12-0.48). Age over 65 years was associated with an increased risk of
CDI BI/NAP1/027 compared to non-BI/NAP1/027 CDI (OR 1.77, 95% CI
1.31-2.38).
Conclusions: Fluoroquinolones and age over 65 years were associated with
a higher risk of CDI due to the BI/NAP1/027 strain. Clindamycin was
associated with a lower risk of CDI due to BI/NAP1/027. (C) 2012
International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved."
}