@article{3154506,
    title = "Combined Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Prospective Change in Body
Weight and Waist Circumference in Participants of the EPIC-PANACEA Study",
    author = "May, Anne M. and Romaguera, Dora and Travier, Noemie and Ekelund, Ulf and and Bergmann, Manuela M. and Kaaks, Rudolf and Teucher, Birgit and and Steffen, Annika and Boeing, Heiner and Halkjaer, Jytte and Tjonneland, and Anne and Jakobsen, Marianne Uhre and Overvad, Kim and Dartois, Laureen and and Fagherazzi, Guy and Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and Ramon and Quiros, J. and Agudo, Antonio and Gonzalez, Carlos and Sanchez, and Maria-Jose and Amiano, Pilar and Huerta, Jose-Maria and Ardanaz, Eva and and Wareham, Nicholas J. and Crowe, Francesca L. and Naska, Androniki and and Orfanos, Philippos and Trichopoulou, Antonia and Palli, Domenico and and Agnoli, Claudia and Tumino, Rosario and Vineis, Paolo and Panico, and Salvatore and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas and Verschuren, Monique and and Drake, Isabel and Sonestedt, Emily and Braaten, Tonje and Rinaldi, and Sabina and Romieu, Isabelle and Slimani, Nadia and Norat, Teresa and and Riboli, Elio and Peeters, Petra H. M.",
    journal = "PLOS ONE",
    year = "2012",
    volume = "7",
    number = "11",
    publisher = "Public Library of Science",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0050712",
    abstract = "Background: The evidence that individual dietary and lifestyle factors
influence a person’s weight and waist circumference is well established;
however their combined impact is less well documented. Therefore, we
investigated the combined effect of physical activity, nutrition and
smoking status on prospective gain in body weight and waist
circumference.
Methods: We used data of the prospective EPIC-PANACEA study. Between
1992 and 2000, 325,537 participants (94,445 men and 231,092 women, aged
between 25-70) were recruited from nine European countries. Participants
were categorised into two groups (positive or negative health
behaviours) for each of the following being physically active, adherent
to a healthy (Mediterranean not including alcohol) diet, and
never-smoking for a total score ranging from zero to three.
Anthropometric measures were taken at baseline and were mainly
self-reported after a medium follow-up time of 5 years.
Results: Mixed-effects linear regression models adjusted for age,
educational level, alcohol consumption, baseline body mass index and
follow-up time showed that men and women who reported to be physically
active, never-smoking and adherent to the Mediterranean diet gained over
a 5-year period 537 (95% CI -706, -368) and 200 (-478, -87) gram less
weight and 0.95 (-1.27, -0.639) and 0.99 (-1.29, -0.69) cm less waist
circumference, respectively, compared to participants with zero healthy
behaviours.
Conclusion: The combination of positive health behaviours was associated
with significantly lower weight and waist circumference gain."
}