@article{3155374,
    title = "Cigarette smoking and risk of histological subtypes of epithelial
ovarian cancer in the EPIC cohort study",
    author = "Gram, Inger T. and Lukanova, Annekatrin and Brill, Ilene and Braaten, and Tonje and Lund, Eiliv and Lundin, Eva and Overvad, Kim and Tjonneland, and Anne and Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise and Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie and and Bamia, Christina and Trichopoulou, Antonia and Zylis, Dimosthenis and and Masala, Giovanna and Berrino, Franco and Galasso, Rocco and Tumino, and Rosario and Sacerdote, Carlotta and Gavrilyuk, Oxana and Kristiansen, and Steinar and Rodriguez, Laudina and Bonet, Catalina and Maria Huerta, and Jose and Barricarte, Aurelio and Sanchez, Maria-Jose and Dorronsoro, and Miren and Jirstrom, Karin and Almquist, Martin and Idahl, Annika and and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas and Braem, Marie and Onland-Moret, Charlotte and and Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. and Allen, Naomi E. and Fedirko, Veronika and and Riboli, E. and Kaaks, Rudolf",
    journal = "International Journal  of Cancer",
    year = "2012",
    volume = "130",
    number = "9",
    pages = "2204-2210",
    publisher = "Wiley",
    issn = "0020-7136",
    doi = "10.1002/ijc.26235",
    keywords = "ovarian cancer; smoking; mucinous; serous; EPIC cohort",
    abstract = "New data regarding a positive association between smoking and risk of
epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), especially the mucinous tumor type, has
started to emerge. The purpose of this study was to examine the
association between different measures of smoking exposures and subtypes
of EOC in a large cohort of women from 10 European countries. The
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
cohort is a multicenter prospective study initiated in 1992. The
questionnaires included data about dietary, lifestyle, and health
factors. Information about cigarette smoking was collected from
individuals in all participating countries. We used Cox proportional
hazard regression models to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of EOC overall
and serous, mucinous, and endometroid histological subtypes, with 95%
confidence intervals (CIs) associated with different measures of smoking
exposures adjusting for confounding variables. Altogether 836 incident
EOC cases were identified among 326,831 women. The tumors were
classified as 400 serous, 83 mucinous, 80 endometroid, 35 clear cell,
and 238 unspecified. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a
significantly increased risk for mucinous tumors [HR = 1.85 (95% CI
1.083.16)] and those smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day had a
doubling in risk [HR = 2.25(95% CI 1.264.03)] as did those who had
smoked less than 15 pack-years of cigarettes [HR = 2.18 (95% CI
1.074.43)]. The results from the EPIC study add further evidence that
smoking increases risk of mucinous ovarian cancer and support the notion
that the effect of smoking varies according to histological subtype."
}