@article{3155468,
    title = "Inflammation marker and risk of pancreatic cancer: a nested case-control
study within the EPIC cohort",
    author = "Grote, V. A. and Kaaks, R. and Nieters, A. and Tjonneland, A. and and Halkjaer, J. and Overvad, K. and Nielsen, M. R. Skjelbo and and Boutron-Ruault, M. C. and Clavel-Chapelon, F. and Racine, A. and and Teucher, B. and Becker, S. and Pischon, T. and Boeing, H. and and Trichopoulou, A. and Cassapa, C. and Stratigakou, V. and Palli, D. and and Krogh, V. and Tumino, R. and Vineis, P. and Panico, S. and Rodriguez, L. and and Duell, E. J. and Sanchez, M-J and Dorronsoro, M. and Navarro, C. and and Gurrea, A. B. and Siersema, P. D. and Peeters, P. H. M. and Ye, W. and and Sund, M. and Lindkvist, B. and Johansen, D. and Khaw, K-T and Wareham, and N. and Allen, N. E. and Travis, R. C. and Fedirko, V. and Jenab, M. and and Michaud, D. S. and Chuang, S-C and Romaguera, D. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, and H. B. and Rohrmann, S.",
    journal = "British Journal of Cancer",
    year = "2012",
    volume = "106",
    number = "11",
    pages = "1866-1874",
    publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
    issn = "0007-0920, 1532-1827",
    doi = "10.1038/bjc.2012.172",
    keywords = "inflammation; pancreatic cancer; EPIC; CRP; IL-6; TNF receptor",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Established risk factors for pancreatic cancer include
smoking, long-standing diabetes, high body fatness, and chronic
pancreatitis, all of which can be characterised by aspects of
inflammatory processes. However, prospective studies investigating the
relation between inflammatory markers and pancreatic cancer risk are
scarce.
METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study within the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, measuring
prediagnostic blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6
(IL-6), and soluble receptors of tumour necrosis factor-a (sTNF-R1, R2)
in 455 pancreatic cancer cases and 455 matched controls. Odds ratios
(ORs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models.
RESULTS: None of the inflammatory markers were significantly associated
with risk of pancreatic cancer overall, although a borderline
significant association was observed for higher circulating sTNF-R2
(crude OR = 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-2.39), highest vs
lowest quartile). In women, however, higher sTNF-R1 levels were
significantly associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (crude OR = 1.97
(95% CI 1.02-3.79)). For sTNF-R2, risk associations seemed to be
stronger for diabetic individuals and those with a higher BMI.
CONCLUSION: Prospectively, CRP and IL-6 do not seem to have a role in
our study with respect to risk of pancreatic cancer, whereas sTNF-R1
seemed to be a risk factor in women and sTNF-R2 might be a mediator in
the risk relationship between overweight and diabetes with pancreatic
cancer. Further large prospective studies are needed to clarify the role
of proinflammatory proteins and cytokines in the pathogenesis of
exocrine pancreatic cancer. British Journal of Cancer (2012) 106,
1866-1874. doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.172 www.bjcancer.com Published online 26
April 2012 (C) 2012 Cancer Research UK"
}