@article{3156026,
    title = "Vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy for patients with T2DM:
an 18-month prospective interventional study",
    author = "Al-Daghri, Nasser M. and Alkharfy, Khalid M. and Al-Othman, Abdulaziz and and El-Kholie, Emad and Moharram, Osama and Alokail, Majed S. and and Al-Saleh, Yousef and Sabico, Shaun and Kumar, Sudhesh and Chrousos, and George P.",
    journal = "Cardiovascular Diabetology",
    year = "2012",
    volume = "11",
    publisher = "BMC",
    issn = "1475-2840",
    doi = "10.1186/1475-2840-11-85",
    keywords = "Vitamin D; Diabetes mellitus; Saudi; Supplementation",
    abstract = "Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with impaired human
insulin action, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes
mellitus type 2 (T2DM). In this prospective interventional study we
investigated the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on the metabolic
profiles of Saudi T2DM subjects pre- and post-vitamin D supplementation
over an 18-month period.
Methods: T2DM Saudi subjects (men, N = 34: Age: 56.6 +/- 8.7 yr, BMI,
29.1 +/- 3.3 kg/m(2); women, N = 58: Age: 51.2 +/- 10.6 yr, BMI 34.3 +/-
4.9 kg/m(2);) were recruited and given 2000 IU vitamin D3 daily for 18
months. Anthropometrics and fasting blood were collected (0, 6, 12, 18
months) to monitor serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D using specific ELISA, and
to determine metabolic profiles by standard methods.
Results: In all subjects there was a significant increase in mean
25-hydroxyvitamin D levels from baseline (32.2 +/- 1.5 nmol/L) to 18
months (54.7 +/- 1.5 nmol/L; p<0.001), as well as serum calcium
(baseline = 2.3 +/- 0.23 mmol/L vs. 18 months = 2.6 +/- 0.1 mmol/L; p =
0.003). A significant decrease in LDL-(baseline = 4.4 +/- 0.8 mmol/L vs.
18 months = 3.6 +/- 0.8 mmol/L, p < 0.001] and total cholesterol
(baseline = 5.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/L vs. 18 months = 4.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, p <
0.001) were noted, as well as a significant improvement in HOMA-beta
function (p = 0.002). Majority of the improvements elicited were more
prominent in women than men.
Conclusion: In the Saudi T2DM population receiving oral Vitamin D3
supplementation (2000 IU/day), circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
remained below normal 18 months after the onset of treatment. Yet, this
“suboptimal” supplementation significantly improved lipid profile
with a favorable change in HDL/LDL ratio, and HOMA-beta function, which
were more pronounced in T2DM females."
}