@article{3156431,
    title = "The hormonal profile of benign breast disease",
    author = "Samoli, E. and Trichopoulos, D. and Lagiou, A. and Zourna, P. and and Georgila, C. and Minaki, P. and Barbouni, A. and Vassilarou, D. and and Tsikkinis, A. and Sfikas, C. and Spanos, E. and Lagiou, P.",
    journal = "British Journal of Cancer",
    year = "2013",
    volume = "108",
    number = "1",
    pages = "199-204",
    publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
    issn = "0007-0920, 1532-1827",
    doi = "10.1038/bjc.2012.493",
    keywords = "benign breast disease; estrogens; estradiol; estrone; testosterone;
IGF-1",
    abstract = "Background: Limited information exists about the endocrine milieu of
benign breast disease (BBD), a documented breast cancer risk factor. We
compared blood levels of estrogens, testosterone and insulin-like growth
factor-1 (IGF-1) between BBD patients by histological type and women
without breast pathology.
Methods: We studied 578 BBD patients and 178 healthy women in Athens,
Greece, who provided blood samples, and completed
interviewer-administered questionnaires.
Results: Of the BBD patients, 254 had non-proliferative disease, 268
proliferative disease without atypia and 56 atypical hyperplasia.
Comparing BBD patients with healthy women, the per cent differences (and
95% confidence intervals) for blood hormones, among pre-menopausal and
peri/post-menopausal women, respectively, were: 22.4% (-4.0%, 56.1%)
and 32.0% (5.6%, 65.1%) for estradiol; 26.2% (10.1%, 44.8%) and
30.9% (16.8%, 46.6%) for estrone; 19.5% (3.1%, 38.4%) and 16.5%
(-5.0%, 42.9%) for testosterone; and -5.2% (-13.8%, 4.4%) and
-12.1% (-19.8%, -3.6%) for IGF-1. Steroid hormones tended to be
higher in proliferative compared with non-proliferative BBD.
Conclusions: Circulating steroid hormones tend to be higher among women
with BBD than women with no breast pathology and higher in proliferative
than non-proliferative disease; these patterns are more evident among
peri/post-menopausal women. In peri/post-menopausal women IGF-1 was
lower among women with BBD compared with healthy women."
}