@article{3157943,
    title = "Time Recall; Future Concept of Chronomodulating Chemotherapy for Cancer",
    author = "Zarogoulidis, Paul and Darwiche, Kaid and Huang, Haidong and Spyratos, and Dionysis and Yarmus, Lonny and Li, Qiang and Kakolyris, Stylianos and and Syrigos, Konstantinos and Zarogoulidis, Konstantinos",
    journal = "Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology",
    year = "2013",
    volume = "14",
    number = "6",
    pages = "632-642",
    publisher = "BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD",
    issn = "1389-2010",
    doi = "10.2174/13892010113146660229",
    keywords = "Chronomodulation; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Circadian rhythm; Sleep
disorders",
    abstract = "The human metabolism is regulated by our internal clock; the circadian
rhythm (24h-25h). There are several factors included in the regulatory
pathway such as; genes (PER1-3), (CRY1-2), TIM hormones (cortisol,
catecholamines, melatonin and insulin) drugs, enzymes, sleep disorders
and diseases. Each one contributes in a different degree and in order to
enhance the therapeutic result; we should include these factors into
clusters instead of targeting each factor one by one. Malignances
deregulate gene-protein expression/production, enzyme production, and in
addition they induce fatigue, insomnia, stress and sleep disorders. All
these factors finally contribute in minimizing the efficiency of
chemotherapy treatment and quality of life. In addition, the circadian
rhythm disruption induces tumor genesis, stress, and down-regulates the
defense and repair mechanisms of the human body. In the current mini
review the underlying mechanism of the circadian rhythm is provided,
along with the influence of sleep disturbances in cancer patient
therapy. A proposal is presented to divide circadian rhythm and sleep
disturbances into two major clusters with different management, however;
with a common target to improve treatment efficiency and quality of
life. Finally, a chrono-chemotherapy administration model is proposed in
order to have less chemotherapy side effects."
}