@article{3158535,
    title = "Cardiorespiratory fitness in males, and upper limbs muscular strength in
females, are positively related with 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma
concentrations in European adolescents: the HELENA study",
    author = "Valtuena, J. and Gracia-Marco, L. and Huybrechts, I. and Breidenassel, and C. and Ferrari, M. and Gottrand, F. and Dallongeville, J. and Sioen, I. and and Gutierrez, A. and Kersting, M. and Kafatos, A. and Manios, Y. and and Widhalm, K. and Moreno, L. A. and Gonzalez-Gross, M. and Helena Study and Grp",
    journal = "QJM: An International Journal of Medicine",
    year = "2013",
    volume = "106",
    number = "9",
    pages = "809-821",
    publisher = "Oxford University Press",
    issn = "1460-2725, 1460-2393",
    doi = "10.1093/qjmed/hct089",
    abstract = "Background: High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (<75 nmol/l) has
been previously reported in European adolescents. Vitamin D deficiency
has been related to physical fitness and adiposity but it is not clearly
known whether this relationship applies to growing children and
adolescents.
Aim: To determine how body composition and physical fitness are related
to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] concentrations in European
adolescents.
Design: The HEalthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence-CSS
study was a multi-centre cross-sectional study.
Methods: Plasma 25(OH) D, body composition and physical fitness measures
were obtained in 1006 European adolescents (470 males) aged 12.5-17.5
years. Stepwise regression and ANCOVA were performed by gender using
25(OH) D as dependent variable, with body composition, physical fitness
as independent variables controlling for age, seasonality and latitude.
Results: For males, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) (B = 0.189) and
body mass index (BMI) (B = -0.124) were independently associated with
25(OH) D concentrations (both P < 0.05). For females, handgrip strength
(B = 0.168; P < 0.01) was independently associated with 25(OH) D
concentrations. Those adolescents at lower BMI and high fitness score
presented significant higher 25(OH) D concentrations than those at lower
fitness score in the other BMI groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness and upper limbs muscular strength
are positively associated with 25(OH) D concentrations in male and
female adolescents, respectively. Adiposity in males and low fat free
mass in females are related to hypovitaminosis D. The interaction
between fitness and BMI has a positive effect on 25(OH) D
concentrations. Therapeutic interventions to correct the high rates of
vitamin D deficiency in adolescents should consider physical fitness."
}