@article{3160414,
    title = "Plasma Alkylresorcinols, Biomarkers of Whole-Grain Wheat and Rye Intake,
and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer",
    author = "Kyro, Cecilie and Olsen, Anja and Landberg, Rikard and Skeie, Guri and and Loft, Steffen and Aman, Per and Leenders, Max and Dik, Vincent K. and and Siersema, Peter D. and Pischon, Tobias and Christensen, Jane and and Overvad, Kim and Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and Fagherazzi, Guy and and Cottet, Vanessa and Kuehn, Tilman and Chang-Claude, Jenny and Boeing, and Heiner and Trichopoulou, Antonia and Bamia, Christina and Trichopoulos, and Dimitrios and Palli, Domenico and Krogh, Vittorio and Tumino, Rosario and and Vineis, Paolo and Panico, Salvatore and Peeters, Petra H. and and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Bakken, Toril and Asli, Lene Angell and and Argueelles, Marcial and Jakszyn, Paula and Sanchez, Maria-Jose and and Amiano, Pilar and Huerta, Jose Maria and Barricarte, Aurelio and and Ljuslinder, Ingrid and Palmqvist, Richard and Khaw, Kay-Tee and Wareham, and Nick and Key, Timothy J. and Travis, Ruth C. and Ferrari, Pietro and and Freisling, Heinz and Jenab, Mazda and Gunter, Marc J. and Murphy, Neil and and Riboli, Eilo and Tjonneland, Anne and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as)",
    journal = "JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute",
    year = "2014",
    volume = "106",
    number = "1",
    publisher = "OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC",
    issn = "0027-8874, 1460-2105",
    doi = "10.1093/jnci/djt352",
    abstract = "Background Few studies have investigated the association between
whole-grain intake and colorectal cancer. Because whole-grain intake
estimation might be prone to measurement errors, more objective measures
(eg, biomarkers) could assist in investigating such associations.
Methods The association between alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of
whole-grain rye and wheat intake, and colorectal cancer incidence were
investigated using prediagnostic plasma samples from colorectal cancer
case patients and matched control subjects nested within the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. We included 1372
incident colorectal cancer case patients and 1372 individual matched
control subjects and calculated the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for
overall and anatomical subsites of colorectal cancer using conditional
logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. Regional
differences (Scandinavia, the Mediterranean, Central Europe) were also
explored.
Results High plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration was associated
with lower incidence of distal colon cancer; the adjusted incidence rate
ratio of distal colon cancer for the highest vs lowest quartile of
plasma total alkylresorcinols was 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]
= 0.28 to 0.83). An inverse association between plasma total
alkylresorcinol concentrations and colon cancer was found for
Scandinavian participants (IRR per doubling = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70 to
0.98). However, plasma total alkylresorcinol concentrations were not
associated with overall colorectal cancer, proximal colon cancer, or
rectal cancer. Plasma alkylresorcinols concentrations were associated
with colon and distal colon cancer only in Central Europe and
Scandinavia (ie, areas where alkylresorcinol levels were higher).
Conclusions High concentrations of plasma alkylresorcinols were
associated with a lower incidence of distal colon cancer but not with
overall colorectal cancer, proximal colon cancer, and rectal cancer."
}