@article{3163694,
    title = "Effects of Intravenous Versus Epidural Lidocaine Infusion on Pain
Intensity and Bowel Function After Major Large Bowel Surgery: a
Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial",
    author = "Staikou, Chryssoula and Avramidou, Alexandra and Ayiomamitis, Georgios and D. and Vrakas, Spyros and Argyra, Eriphili",
    journal = "Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery: Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract",
    year = "2014",
    volume = "18",
    number = "12",
    pages = "2155-2162",
    publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
    issn = "1091-255X, 1873-4626",
    doi = "10.1007/s11605-014-2659-1",
    keywords = "Intravenous lidocaine; Epidural lidocaine; Open large bowel surgery;
Postoperative ileus",
    abstract = "We compared the effects of intravenous lidocaine (IVL) with lumbar
epidural lidocaine analgesia (LEA) on pain and ileus after open colonic
surgery.
Between December 2011 and February 2013, 60 patients were randomly
allocated to IVL, LEA, or control group. The IVL group received
intraoperatively lidocaine 2 % intravenously (1.5 mg/kg bolus, 2
mg/kg/h infusion) and normal saline (NS) epidurally. The LEA group
received lidocaine epidurally (1.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/h infusion) and
NS intravenously. The control group received NS both intravenously and
epidurally, as bolus and infusion. All NS volumes were calculated as if
containing lidocaine 2 % at the aforementioned doses. We assessed pain
intensity at rest/cough at 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively
(numerical rating scale 0-10), 48-h analgesic consumption, and time to
first flatus passage.
Data from 60 patients (20 per group) were analyzed. The IVL group had
significantly lower pain scores at rest and cough compared to LEA or
control group only at 1, 2, and 4 h postoperatively (P < 0.005 for all
comparisons). The 48-h analgesic requirements and time to first flatus
passage did not differ significantly between IVL group and LEA or
control group (P > 0.05).
Compared with LEA-lidocaine or placebo, intravenous lidocaine offered no
clinically significant benefit in terms of analgesia and bowel function."
}