@article{3167343,
    title = "Hormonal contraception and postmenopausal hormone therapy in Spain: time
trends and patterns of use",
    author = "Costas, Laura and Sequera, Victor-Guillermo and Quesada, Paloma and and Altzibar, Jone M. and Lope, Virginia and Perez-Gomez, Beatriz and and Benavente, Yolanda and Martin, Vicente and Casabonne, Delphine and and Robles, Claudia and Llorca, Javier and Moreno-Iribas, Conchi and and Fernandez-Tardon, Guillermo and Moreno, Victor and Javier and Caballero-Granado, Francisco and Salas, Dolores and Juan Jimenez-Moleon, and Jose and Marcos-Gragera, Rafael and Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores and Amiano, and Pilar and Jose Molina, Antonio and Castano-Vinyals, Gemma and Aragones, and Nuria and Kogevinas, Manolis and Pollan, Marina and de Sanjose, Silvia",
    journal = "MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY",
    year = "2015",
    volume = "22",
    number = "10",
    pages = "1138-1146",
    publisher = "Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins",
    doi = "10.1097/GME.0000000000000487",
    keywords = "Hormonal contraception; Postmenopausal hormone therapy; Hormonal
compounds; Patterns; Trends Occupational shifts",
    abstract = "Objective: This study aims to describe time trends in and patterns of
use of hormonal contraception and postmenopausal hormone therapy and to
identify factors associated with their use among Spanish women.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from 1,954
population controls (aged 24-85 y) in 12 provinces of Spain who were
enrolled in the Multi Case-Control Spain study (2007-2013). Data were
collected from a questionnaire conducted face-to-face by trained
personnel. We collected information on sociodemographic factors,
lifestyle, sleep patterns, reproductive history, and occupational
history.
Results: Overall, 48.5% of Spanish women reported ever use of hormonal
contraception, and 9.8% of women in the postmenopausal group reported
use of postmenopausal hormone therapy. Younger cohorts used hormonal
contraception for a longer period, whereas postmenopausal hormone
therapy use dramatically dropped in the 2000s. Women with higher
education levels (including education of partners) and smoking history
were the most probable users of hormonal contraception, whereas inverse
associations were observed among housewives, obese women, and
nulliparous women. Postmenopausal hormone therapy use was associated
with a surgical or therapeutic cause of menopause and with occupational
history of rotating shifts.
Conclusions: In this Spanish population, several demographic, lifestyle,
occupational, and reproductive factors are associated with use of
hormonal compounds. Characterizing hormonal users and monitoring trends
in the use of these hormonal compounds are essential from a public
health perspective."
}