@article{3167958,
    title = "Subtypes of fruit and vegetables, variety in consumption and risk of
colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer and Nutrition",
    author = "Leenders, Max and Siersema, Peter D. and Overvad, Kim and Tjonneland, and Anne and Olsen, Anja and Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and Bastide, and Nadia and Fagherazzi, Guy and Katzke, Verena and Kuehn, Tilman and and Boeing, Heiner and Aleksandrova, Krasimira and Trichopoulou, Antonia and and Lagiou, Pagona and Klinaki, Eleni and Masala, Giovanna and Grioni, Sara and and De Magistris, Maria Santucci and Tumino, Rosario and Ricceri, Fulvio and and Peeters, Petra H. M. and Lund, Eiliv and Skeie, Guri and Weiderpass, and Elisabete and Ramon Quiros, J. and Agudo, Antonio and Sanchez, and Maria-Jose and Dorronsoro, Miren and Navarro, Carmen and Ardanaz, Eva and and Ohlsson, Bodil and Jirstroem, Karin and Van Guelpen, Bethany and and Wennberg, Maria and Khaw, Kay-Tee and Wareham, Nick and Key, Timothy J. and and Romieu, Isabelle and Huybrechts, Inge and Cross, Amanda J. and and Murphy, Neil and Riboli, Elio and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(As)",
    journal = "International Journal  of Cancer",
    year = "2015",
    volume = "137",
    number = "11",
    pages = "2705-2714",
    publisher = "Wiley",
    issn = "0020-7136",
    doi = "10.1002/ijc.29640",
    keywords = "fruits and vegetables; colorectal cancer; variety",
    abstract = "Previously, a lower risk of colorectal cancer was observed with fruit
and vegetable consumption in the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer and Nutrition within a follow-up period of 9 years which was not
fully supported by a recent meta-analysis. Therefore, we were interested
in the relation with extended follow-up, also focusing on single
subtypes and a variety of intake of fruit and vegetables. Fruit and
vegetable consumption was assessed at baseline. After an average of 13
years of follow-up, 3,370 participants were diagnosed with colon or
rectal cancer. Diet diversity scores were constructed to quantify
variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. A lower risk of colon cancer
was observed with higher self-reported consumption of fruit and
vegetable combined (HR Q4 vs. Q1 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-1.01, p for trend
0.02), but no consistent association was observed for separate
consumption of fruits and vegetables. No associations with risk of
rectal cancer were observed. The few observed associations for some
fruit and vegetable subtypes with colon cancer risk may have been due to
chance. Variety in consumption of fruits and vegetables was not
associated with a lower risk of colon or rectal cancer. Although a lower
risk of colon cancer is suggested with high consumption of fruit and
vegetables, this study does not support a clear inverse association
between fruit and vegetable consumption and colon or rectal cancer
beyond a follow-up of more than 10 years. Attenuation of the risk
estimates from dietary changes over time cannot be excluded, but appears
unlikely."
}