@inproceedings{3177055,
    title = "Measuring and Exploiting Guardbands of Server-Grade ARMv8 CPU Cores and
DRAMs",
    author = "Tovletoglou, Konstantinos and Mukhanov, Lev and Karakonstantis, Georgios and and Chatzidimitriou, Athanasios and Papadimitriou, George and and Kaliorakis, Manolis and Gizopoulos, Dimitris and Zacharias and and Hadjilambrou and Sazeides, Yiannakis and Lampropulos, Alejandro and Das, and Shidhartha and Phong Vo",
    year = "2018",
    pages = "6-9",
    publisher = "IEEE Comput. Soc",
    booktitle = "2018 48TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE
SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS WORKSHOPS (DSN-W)",
    doi = "10.1109/DSN-W.2018.00013",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present the results of our comprehensive measurement
study of the timing and voltage guardbands in memories and cores of a
commodity ARMv8 based micro-server. Using various synthetic
micro-benchmarks, we reveal how the adopted voltage margins vary among
the 8 cores of the CPU chip, and among 3 different sigma chips and we
show how prone they are to worst-case voltage noise. In addition, we
characterize the variation of ‘weak’ DRAM cells in terms of their
retention time across 72 DRAM chips and evaluate the error mitigation
efficacy of the available error-correcting codes in case of operation
under aggressively relaxed refresh periods. Finally, we show the overall
energy savings that could be achieved by shaving the adopted guardbands
in the cores and memories using various applications. Our
characterization results show the potential to obtain up-to 38.8%
energy savings in cores and up-to 27.3% within DRAMs."
}