@article{3181660,
    title = "Complete unilateral ureteral duplication encountered during
intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer",
    author = "Varlatzidou, Alexandra and Zarokosta, Maria and Nikou, Euthumios and and Theodoropoulos, Panagiotis and Kakaviatos, Dimosthenis and Piperos, and Theodoros and Kalles, Vasileios and Bonatsos, Vasileios and and Mariolis-Sapsakos, Theodoros",
    journal = "Journal of Surgical Case Reports",
    year = "2018",
    number = "10",
    publisher = "Oxford University Press",
    issn = "2042-8812",
    doi = "10.1093/jscr/rjy266",
    abstract = "Complete duplication of ureters is a very rare clinical entity that may
either be asymptomatic or present with a variety of clinical findings.
In the presented case a 51-year-old Caucasian female underwent an
intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer. Intraoperatively,
during the standard bilateral recognition and mobilization of the
ureters, complete unilateral duplication of the left ureter was
incidentally detected, deriving from a single renal parenchyma. Such a
congenital abnormality though constitutes a major risk-factor of
accidental ureteral injury during operations including pelvis.
Conclusively, meticulous exposure of both ureters combined with
surgeons' unceasing awareness constitute the cornerstone of a safe
operation."
}