@article{3193061,
    title = "Depression prevalence based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
compared to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM DIsorders
classification: Systematic review and individual participant data
meta-analysis",
    author = "Lyubenova, Anita and Neupane, Dipika and Levis, Brooke and Wu, Yin and and Sun, Ying and He, Chen and Krishnan, Ankur and Bhandari, Parash M. and and Negeri, Zelalem and Imran, Mahrukh and Rice, Danielle B. and Azar, and Marleine and Chiovitti, Matthew J. and Saadat, Nazanin and Riehm, Kira and E. and Boruff, Jill T. and Ioannidis, John P. A. and Cuijpers, Pim and and Gilbody, Simon and Kloda, Lorie A. and Patten, Scott B. and Shrier, Ian and and Ziegelstein, Roy C. and Comeau, Liane and Mitchell, Nicholas D. and and Tonelli, Marcello and Vigod, Simone N. and Aceti, Franca and Barnes, and Jacqueline and Bavle, Amar D. and Beck, Cheryl T. and Bindt, Carola and and Boyce, Philip M. and Bunevicius, Adomas and Chaudron, Linda H. and and Favez, Nicolas and Figueiredo, Barbara and Garcia-Esteve, Lluisa and and Giardinelli, Lisa and Helle, Nadine and Howard, Louise M. and Kohlhoff, and Jane and Kusminskas, Laima and Kozinszky, Zoltan and Lelli, Lorenzo and and Leonardou, Angeliki A. and Meuti, Valentina and Rados, Sandra N. and and Garcia, Purificacion N. and Pawlby, Susan J. and Quispel, Chantal and and Robertson-Blackmore, Emma and Rochat, Tamsen J. and Sharp, Deborah J. and and Siu, Bonnie W. M. and Stein, Alan and Stewart, Robert C. and and Tadinac, Meri and Tandon, S. Darius and Tendais, Iva and Toreki, and Annamaria and Torres-Gimenez, Anna and Tran, Thach D. and Trevillion, and Kylee and Turner, Katherine and Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann M. and and Benedetti, Andrea and Thombs, Brett D.",
    journal = "International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "30",
    number = "1",
    publisher = "Wiley",
    issn = "1049-8931, 1557-0657",
    doi = "10.1002/mpr.1860",
    keywords = "depression prevalence; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; structured
clinical interview for DSM; individual participant data meta-analysis;
major depression",
    abstract = "Objectives Estimates of depression prevalence in pregnancy and
postpartum are based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
more than on any other method. We aimed to determine if any EPDS cutoff
can accurately and consistently estimate depression prevalence in
individual studies. Methods We analyzed datasets that compared EPDS
scores to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression
status. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to compare prevalence with
EPDS cutoffs versus the SCID. Results Seven thousand three hundred and
fifteen participants (1017 SCID major depression) from 29 primary
studies were included. For EPDS cutoffs used to estimate prevalence in
recent studies (>= 9 to >= 14), pooled prevalence estimates ranged from
27.8% (95% CI: 22.0%-34.5%) for EPDS >= 9 to 9.0% (95% CI:
6.8%-11.9%) for EPDS >= 14; pooled SCID major depression prevalence
was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.5%-12.3%). EPDS >= 14 provided pooled prevalence
closest to SCID-based prevalence but differed from SCID prevalence in
individual studies by a mean absolute difference of 5.1% (95%
prediction interval: -13.7%, 12.3%). Conclusion EPDS >= 14
approximated SCID-based prevalence overall, but considerable
heterogeneity in individual studies is a barrier to using it for
prevalence estimation."
}