@article{3194935,
    title = "The Rising Burden of Salmonellosis Caused by Monophasic Salmonella
Typhimurium (1,4,[5],12:i:-) in Greece and New Food Vehicles",
    author = "Mandilara, Georgia and Sideroglou, Theologia and Chrysostomou, Anthi and and Rentifis, Iliodoros and Papadopoulos, Theofilos and Polemis, Michalis and and Tzani, Myrsini and Tryfinopoulou, Kyriaki and Mellou, Kassiani",
    journal = "ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "10",
    number = "2",
    publisher = "MDPI",
    doi = "10.3390/antibiotics10020185",
    keywords = "Salmonella; monophasic Typhimurium; outbreak; multiresistant",
    abstract = "Monophasic Salmonella typhimurium is of increasing importance worldwide.
Here we present the available data regarding monophasic S. typhimurium
from 2007 to 2019 in Greece, in order to assess its public health
impact. Surveillance data, data on antimicrobial resistance, molecular
typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and results of the
investigation of monophasic S. typhimurium outbreaks were analyzed.
Overall, 403 cases were identified; 329 (81.6%) sporadic and 74
(18.4%) related to two community outbreaks in 2017. A total of 305
isolates from sporadic cases tested for antimicrobial resistance
revealed resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole, and
tetracycline (41.3%). Some 23.3% were further resistant to
trimethoprim and 5.2% were also resistant to chloramphenicol. Outbreak
1 in 2017 with 37 identified cases was attributed to the consumption of
raw milk from a vending machine and isolates were resistant to
ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, and
trimethoprim. Outbreak 2 also with 37 cases was attributed to the
consumption of pork and isolates were resistant to the five above
mentioned antibiotics plus chloramphenicol. The number of human
monophasic S. typhimurium isolates is low; however, since 2009, it has
been among the five most frequently identified serotypes in Greece.
Investigation of the outbreaks revealed that other vehicles apart from
pork may be implicated in the occurrence of outbreaks."
}