@article{3219166,
    title = "The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019",
    author = "Castelpietra, G. and Knudsen, A.K.S. and Agardh, E.E. and Armocida, B. and Beghi, M. and Iburg, K.M. and Logroscino, G. and Ma, R. and Starace, F. and Steel, N. and Addolorato, G. and Andrei, C.L. and Andrei, T. and Ayuso-Mateos, J.L. and Banach, M. and Bärnighausen, T.W. and Barone-Adesi, F. and Bhagavathula, A.S. and Carvalho, F. and Carvalho, M. and Chandan, J.S. and Chattu, V.K. and Couto, R.A.S. and Cruz-Martins, N. and Dargan, P.I. and Deuba, K. and da Silva, D.D. and Fagbamigbe, A.F. and Fernandes, E. and Ferrara, P. and Fischer, F. and Gaal, P.A. and Gialluisi, A. and Haagsma, J.A. and Haro, J.M. and Hasan, M.T. and Hasan, S.S. and Hostiuc, S. and Iacoviello, L. and Iavicoli, I. and Jamshidi, E. and Jonas, J.B. and Joo, T. and Jozwiak, J.J. and Katikireddi, S.V. and Kauppila, J.H. and Khan, M.A.B. and Kisa, A. and Kisa, S. and Kivimäki, M. and Koly, K.N. and Koyanagi, A. and Kumar, M. and Lallukka, T. and Langguth, B. and Ledda, C. and Lee, P.H. and Lega, I. and Linehan, C. and Loureiro, J.A. and Madureira-Carvalho, Á.M. and Martinez-Raga, J. and Mathur, M.R. and McGrath, J.J. and Mechili, E.A. and Mentis, A.-F.A. and Mestrovic, T. and Miazgowski, B. and Mirica, A. and Mirijello, A. and Moazen, B. and Mohammed, S. and Mulita, F. and Nagel, G. and Negoi, I. and Negoi, R.I. and Nwatah, V.E. and Padron-Monedero, A. and Panda-Jonas, S. and Pardhan, S. and Pasovic, M. and Patel, J. and Petcu, I.-R. and Pinheiro, M. and Pollok, R.C.G. and Postma, M.J. and Rawaf, D.L. and Rawaf, S. and Romero-Rodríguez, E. and Ronfani, L. and Sagoe, D. and Sanmarchi, F. and Schaub, M.P. and Sharew, N.T. and Shiri, R. and Shokraneh, F. and Sigfusdottir, I.D. and Silva, J.P. and Silva, R. and Socea, B. and Szócska, M. and Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. and Torrado, M. and Tovani-Palone, M.R. and Vasankari, T.J. and Veroux, M. and Viner, R.M. and Werdecker, A. and Winkler, A.S. and Hay, S.I. and Ferrari, A.J. and Naghavi, M. and Allebeck, P. and Monasta, L.",
    journal = "The Lancet Regional Health - Europe",
    year = "2022",
    volume = "16",
    publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
    doi = "10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100341",
    abstract = "Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. Methods: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. Findings: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 – 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432–912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9–412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (–29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (–27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. Interpretation: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation © 2022 The Author(s)"
}